Parenting

Question 1

abortion

Answer 1

expulsion of an embryo or foetus from the uterus

Question 2

adoption

Answer 2

practice of sharing info and maintaining contact between biological and adoptive parents throughout the child’s life

Question 3

closed adoption

Answer 3

records of the adoption are kept sealed, the birth parent is not involved in the adoptee’s life and the child has no contact with the biological parents or little info about them

Question 4

semi-open adoption (mediated adoption)

Answer 4

there is communication between the adoptive parents, birth parents and adopted children but through a 3rd party

Question 5

advocates of transracial adoption

Answer 5

children are more likely to remain in foster care if transracial adoption is not available

Question 6

role overload

Answer 6

feeling overwhelmed by multiple commitments

Question 7

role conflict

Answer 7

frustrations and uncertainties a person experiences when the expectations of 2+ roles are incompatible

Question 8

role strain

Answer 8

conflicts that someone feels within a role (e.g. high standards for parenting to ensure their children become well-rounded, responsible adults)

Question 9

generalised other

Answer 9

people who don’t have close ties to a child but who influence the child’s internalisation of society’s norms and values

Question 10

Bronfenbrenner’s Bioecological Theory of Development

Answer 10

understanding how the interaction between a child’s personality, environment and physiological tendencies shapes development

Question 11

George Herbert Mead argues

Answer 11

children eventually come to understand the role of the generalised other by establishing their sense of self

Question 12

Erikson’s Psychosocial Theory of Development

Answer 12

suggests that people advance through the stages of development based on how they adjust to social crises throughout their lives

Question 13

parenting styles

Answer 13

general approach to interacting with and disciplining children

Question 14

authoritarian style

Answer 14

demanding, controlling, rigid, punitive parenting and use forceful measures to control children’s behaviour

Question 15

permissive style

Answer 15

usually warm, responsible, indulgent but not demanding

Question 16

authoritative style

Answer 16

demanding but also supportive and responsive allows for high parental control and parental support

Question 17

uninvolved style

Answer 17

neither supportive nor demanding because parents are indifferent

Question 18

difference between same-sex and opposite-sex families

Answer 18

quality of parent-child relationships is generally higher in same-sex and parents tend to co-parent more equally than straight families

Question 19

medicalisation

Answer 19

defining a non-medical condition or behaviour as an illness, disorder or disease that requires medical treatment

Question 20

intergeneration ambivalence

Answer 20

contradictions that arise from both kinship roles and personal emotions

Question 21

Jacob’s father—as he had often done while Jacob was in high school—went to Jacob’s college professor and demanded that the C he’d been given on a recent paper be increased. What outcome is most likely associated with this kind of parenting behaviour?

Answer 21

decrease Jacob’s feelings of autonomy and competence

Question 22

boomerang children

Answer 22

young adults or other adult children who move back in with their parents after living independently (low wages, high debt, unemployment)

Question 23

helicopter parent

Answer 23

interfering and intrusive parent who is overly involved