Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Neurologija RSU egzas > Paresis (1,2,3) > Flashcards

Paresis (1,2,3) Flashcards

(78 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Voluntary motor control consisted of (2)

A

UMN and LMN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Involuntary motor control consisted of (2)

A

Extrapyramidal system and cerebellum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

UMN 2 structures.

A

Corticospinal tract = pyramidal tract

Corticonuclear tract = corticobulbar tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Start-end of corticospinal tract.

A

Motor cortex (precentral gyrus) –> anterior horn of spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Start-end of corticonuclear tract.

A

Motor cortex –> motor cranial nerve nuclei

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Where happens decussation of the pyramids?

A

Lower end of medulla. Cross 50-80proc of pyramidal fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

UMN eiga.

A

Motor cortex (precentral gyrus) –> internal capsule –> pyramidal decussation –> lateral corticospinal tract –> anterior horn. Then goes to skeletal muscle.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Corticonuclear tract eiga.

A

Motor cortex –> internal capsule –> terminated in brain stem in cranial motor nuclei

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

LMN 3 structures

A

Anterior horn cells
Anterior roots
Peripheral nerve and motor end palate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

LMN skeletal muscle eiga.

A

Motoneurons of anterior horns of spinal cord –> anterior spinal root –> spinal nerve –> peripheral nerve –> NMJ in sceletal muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

LMN cranial eiga.

A

Motor nuclei of cranial nerves in the brainstem –> cranial motor nerves –> NMJ in cranial muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Central palsy. What part of face affected, where nerve damage?

A

Called supranuclear lesion.

Lower quadrant of face in the opposite side of lesion in the brain.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Peripheral palsy. What part of face affected, where nerve damage?

A

It’s facial nerve lesion.

Affected half of face on the same side as lesion in peripheral nerve.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Why differs central and peripheral face palsy presentation?

A

Nerve, that inervates lower face starts in opposite side in the brain.
Nerve, that innervates upper part (forehead) starts in one side, but divides into both nuclei in brain stem. Thus lower part is always affected. But if damage is in the brain, eg left, due to crossing of fibers of forehead innervation, this part gets innervation from right side of brains which is not affected.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

C1-C4 innervation?

A

Neck muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

C4 innervation?

A

Diaphragm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

C5-Th1 innervation?

A

Hand muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Th2-T11 innervation?

A

Thoracic and abdominal muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Th12-S2 innervation?

A

Leg muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

S3 - Co innervation?

A

Pelvic sphincter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Neck muscles

A

C1-C4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Diaphragm

A

C4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Hand muscles

A

C5-Th1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Thoracic and abdominal muscles

A

Th2-Th11

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Leg muscles
Th12-S2
26
Pelvic sphincter
S3-Co
27
What is paralysis?
Complete muscle weakness (UMN or LMN damage)
28
What is paresis?
Partial muscle weekness (UMN or LMN damage)
29
Central paresis vs Peripheral paresis. What part damaged, what type of paresis?
Central - UMN, spastic paresis | Peripheral - LMN, flaccid paresis.
30
If there is damage in brain of UMN, where will be paresis?
Opposite side of the body.
31
If there is damage in spinal cord of UMN, where will be paresis?
Same side of the body.
32
If there is damage of LMN, where will be paresis?
Always at the same side of the body
33
Power in spastic paresis is ...?
Decreased
34
Power in flaccid paresis is ...?
Decreased
35
Inspection of muscles in spastic paresis is .......
Normal. ie diffuse atrophy
36
Inspection of muscles in flaccid paresis is .......
Atrophy fasciculations
37
Tone in spastic paresis is ....
Increased
38
Tone is flaccid paresis is ....
decreased or normal
39
Tendon reflexes in spastic paresis are .......
Increased
40
Tendon reflexes in flaccid paresis are .......
Decreased or absent
41
Do pathological reflexes present in spastic paresis?
Yes
42
Do pathological reflexes present in flaccid paresis?
No
43
Do sinkinetic movements present in spastic paresis?
Yes
44
Do sinkinetic movements present in flaccid paresis?
No
45
Causes of UMN damage in brain? 5
Stroke, encephalitis, trauma, tumor, abscess
46
Causes of UMN damage in spinal cord? 4
Trauma, myelitis, tumor, spinal stroke
47
Causes of LMN damage in anterior horn? 3
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, spinal stroke, intramedullary tumor
48
Causes of LMN damage in nerve root, spinal nerves? 3
Due to degenerative spine, disc herniation, tumor.
49
Causes of LMN damage in peripheral nerves? 3 and 3
Compression or entrapment (such as carpal tunnel syndrome), neuropathies, traumas Polyneuropathies, multifocal mononeuropathies, Guillain-Barré syndrome
50
Due to degenerative spine, disc herniation, tumor. Where cause damage?
Nerve roots, spinal nerves
51
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, spinal stroke, intramedullary tumor. Where cause damage?
LMN anterior horns
52
Compression or entrapment (such as carpal tunnel syndrome), neuropathies, traumas Polyneuropathies, multifocal mononeuropathies, Guillain-Barré syndrome. Where cause damage?
Causes of LMN damage in peripheral nerves? 3 and 3
53
Types of paresis/paralysis 6
Monoparesis, Hemiparesis, Alternating paresis, Tetraparesis, Paraparesis, Segmental paresis
54
What is monoparesis?
Paresis in one extremity.
55
Paresis in one extremity?
Monoparesis
56
Where is the damage in monoparesis?
Frontal lobe damage
57
What is hemiparesis?
Unilateral paresis, weaknes of one entire side of the body.
58
What is hemiplegia?
Complete paralysis of half of the body.
59
Where is the lesion in hemiparesis?
Corticospinal tract in brain or brainstem.
60
What are the causes of hemiparesis?
Stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage, encephalitis, abscess, tumor, trauma
61
What is alternating paresis?
Combination of central and peripheral paresis. Central - paresis on the opposite side of body Peripheral - paresis of facial muscles or tongue on the side of the lesion
62
Where is the lesion in alternating paresis?
Brain stem
63
What is tetraparesis? How it's divided?
Affected both arms and legs. Central and peripheral.
64
Central tetraparesis causes in the brain? 6
Stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage, encephalitis, abscess, tumor, trauma
65
Central tetraparesis causes in spinal cord? 5
Trauma, tumor, myelitis, myelopathy, spinal stroke
66
Where is damage in case of central tetraparesis?
Bilateral damage, damage in the brainstem, or upper cervical spinal cord
67
What is the cause of peripheral tetraparesis?
Polyradiculoneuritis
68
What is paraparesis?
Paresis of both arms or legs.
69
What are the causes of upper paresis?
Segmental damage in lower parts of cervical spinal cord
70
Segmental damage in lower parts of cervical spinal cord. Dignosis?
Upper paraparesis
71
Polyradiculoneuritis causes .....
Peripheral tetraparesis
72
Where can be damage in case of lower paraparesis? 2
Central and peripheral
73
What are causes of central lower paraparesis?
Frontal bilateral damage, cervical or thoracic spinal cord
74
What are causes of peripheral lower paraparesis?
Segmental spinal cord damage at Th12-S2 level, cauda equina damage, polyradiculoneuritis
75
What is segmental paresis?
peripheral paresis at corresponding segmental level
76
Where is the lesion in peripheral segmental paresis?
Anterior horn motor cells.
77
Anterior horn motor cells damage. particular segment. What paresis?
Segmental paresis
78
What are the causes of segmental paresis?3
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, syringomyelia, intramedullary tumor

Neurologija RSU egzas (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions