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Neurological Disorders > Parkinson's > Flashcards

Parkinson's Flashcards

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1
Q

Levodopa - Brand Names

A

L-Dopa, L Doram C, Neurastoz

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2
Q

Levodopa - Dosages

A

Often combined with carbidopa or benserazide. Available in various dosages including 25/100, 25/250, and sustained release formulation.

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3
Q

Levodopa - Indications

A

Primary treatment for Parkinson’s disease. Addresses rigidity, akinesia, flat face, and gait issues.

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4
Q

Levodopa - Dosing

A

Starts with low doses and gradually increases. Often taken multiple times per day, typically with a meal or snack.

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5
Q

Levodopa - Adverse Effects

A

Nausea, vomiting, low blood pressure, dyskinesia, motor fluctuations, psychosis, hallucinations, and urine discoloration.

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6
Q

Levodopa - Tips

A

Administer with meals to decrease GI upset. Avoid high-protein foods and antacids close to dosing time.

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7
Q

Carbidopa - Brand Names

A

Often combined with levodopa.

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8
Q

Carbidopa - Dosages

A

Available in combinations such as 25mg/100mg or 25mg/250mg with levodopa.

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9
Q

Carbidopa - Indications

A

Inhibits peripheral decarboxylase to reduce levodopa’s peripheral side effects and increase its brain availability.

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10
Q

Carbidopa - Dosing

A

Given in combination with levodopa.

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11
Q

Carbidopa - Adverse Effects

A

Minimal side effects unless used at high doses, such as inhibition of cerebral decarboxylase.

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12
Q

Carbidopa - Tips

A

Typically given with levodopa. More potent than benserazide.

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13
Q

Benserazide - Brand Names

A

Often combined with levodopa as Madopar.

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14
Q

Benserazide - Dosages

A

25 & 50

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15
Q

Benserazide - Indications

A

Inhibits peripheral decarboxylase to reduce levodopa’s peripheral side effects.

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16
Q

Benserazide - Dosing

A

Given in combination with levodopa.

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17
Q

Benserazide - Adverse Effects

A

Generally minimal side effects.

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18
Q

Benserazide - Tips

A

Typically given with levodopa. Less potent than carbidopa.

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19
Q

Selegiline - Brand Names

A

Deprenyl, Eldepryl.

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20
Q

Selegiline - Dosages

A

5 mg tablets.

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21
Q

Selegiline - Indications

A

MAO-B inhibitor used in Parkinson’s disease. Reduces levodopa breakdown and has neuroprotective effects.

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22
Q

Selegiline - Dosing

A

5-10 mg daily, best taken in the morning or midday to avoid insomnia.

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23
Q

Selegiline - Adverse Effects

A

Insomnia.

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24
Q

Selegiline - Tips

A

Mild effect when used alone but enhances levodopa effects.

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25
Entacapone - Brand Names
Comtan. Available in combination with levodopa and carbidopa as Stalevo.
26
Entacapone - Dosages
200 mg.
27
Entacapone - Indications
COMT inhibitor, used to reduce the metabolism of levodopa in the periphery.
28
Entacapone - Dosing
Taken with each dose of levodopa.
29
Entacapone - Adverse Effects
Diarrhea, blood disorders, and liver issues.
30
Entacapone - Tips
Should be used in conjunction with levodopa. Dose of Levodopa should be reduced by 30% when starting entacapone.
31
Tolcapone - Dosages
Available in 100 mg and 200 mg tablets.
32
Tolcapone - Indications
COMT inhibitor that works both peripherally and centrally.
33
Tolcapone - Dosing
Taken with each dose of levodopa.
34
Tolcapone - Adverse Effects
Diarrhea, blood disorders, liver issues, and risk of acute liver failure.
35
Tolcapone - Tips
Longer half-life and stronger effect than entacapone. Use with caution due to liver damage risk.
36
Pramipexole - Brand Names
Sifrol, Sifrol ER.
37
Pramipexole - Dosages
Available in base and salt forms (e.g., 0.25 mg base = 0.7 mg salt). Extended release versions are available. Usual dose ranges from 1.5 to 4.5 mg per day.
38
Pramipexole - Indications
D2 selective dopamine agonist for Parkinson's disease. Used as monotherapy for mild disease and affects affective symptoms.
39
Pramipexole - Dosing
Starts at 1.5 mg daily and increases every two weeks to a maximum of 4.5 mg.
40
Pramipexole - Adverse Effects
Nausea, vomiting, low blood pressure, psychosis, sudden sleep attacks, and compulsive behaviors.
41
Pramipexole - Tips
Caution advised with driving. Renally excreted, use with caution in patients with kidney disease.
42
Ropinirole - Brand Names
Requip, Ralnea XL.
43
Ropinirole - Dosages
Available in 0.25 mg and 1 mg tablets, with extended release versions available. Typical dose is 3-24 mg per day.
44
Ropinirole - Indications
D2 dopamine agonist used in Parkinson's disease.
45
Ropinirole - Adverse Effects
Nausea, vomiting, low blood pressure, psychosis, sudden sleep attacks, and compulsive behaviors.
46
Ropinirole - Tips
Hepatically metabolized, may be useful in patients who cannot tolerate pramipexole.
47
Amantadine - Dosages
100 mg and 300 mg capsules.
48
Amantadine - Indications
Antiviral drug used to treat dyskinesia in Parkinson's disease. Has anticholinergic properties and may affect dopamine reuptake.
49
Amantadine - Dosing
100 to 300 mg per day.
50
Amantadine - Adverse Effects
Livedo reticularis, peripheral edema, hallucinations, psychosis, urinary retention, and dry mouth.
51
Amantadine - Tips
Tolerance to its effects can develop. Use with caution in elderly patients due to anticholinergic effects.
52
Trihexyphenidyl - Brand Names
Artane.
53
Trihexyphenidyl - Indications
Anticholinergic, mainly used for tremor in Parkinson's disease.
54
Trihexyphenidyl - Adverse Effects
Confusion, hallucinations, dry mouth, and urinary retention.
55
Trihexyphenidyl - Tips
Not recommended for elderly patients.
56
Biperiden - Indications
Anticholinergic, mainly used for tremor in Parkinson's disease.
57
Biperiden - Adverse Effects
Confusion, hallucinations, dry mouth, and urinary retention.
58
Biperiden - Tips
Not recommended for elderly patients.
59
Diphenhydramine - Indications
Anticholinergic, can be used for drug-induced parkinsonism.
60
Pimozide - Brand Names
Orap, Orap forte.
61
Pimozide - Dosages
2 mg and 4 mg tablets.
62
Pimozide - Indications
Antidopaminergic drug used for tics, including Tourette's syndrome.
63
Haloperidol - Indications
Antidopaminergic medication. Not used in Parkinson's, but can be used for chorea in Huntington's disease.
64
Clozapine - Indications
Atypical antipsychotic used to treat psychosis associated with Parkinson's disease.
65
Clozapine - Tips
Works through a mechanism different from dopamine pathways.
66
Quetiapine - Indications
Atypical antipsychotic used to treat psychosis associated with Parkinson's disease.
67
Quetiapine - Tips
Works through a mechanism different from dopamine pathways.
68
Tetrabenazine - Indications
Depletes dopamine stores in the nerve terminal, used to treat Huntington's disease.
69
Tetrabenazine - Adverse Effects
Extra pyramidal symptoms may develop.

Neurological Disorders (1 decks)

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