Parkinson's Flashcards
(44 cards)
what are the symptoms of parkinson’s
tremour at rest cogwheel rigidity bradykinesia assymetry loss righting reflex cognitive decline hypomimia glabellar tap quiet speech micrographia
describe the gait of someone with parkinson’s
rigidity and trembling of the head forward tilt of trunk reduced arm swinging with arm in slight flexion rigidity and trembling of extremities shuffling gait with short steps
what drugs are used to treat parkinsons
levodopa carbidopa/ benserazide dopamine antagonist monoamine oxidase inhibitors amantadine release dopamine muscarinic antagonists
what are carbidopa/ benserazide
dopa decarboxylase inhibitor
reduces dose needed and reduces peripheral system effects
what are the side effects of levodopa
involuntary writhing movements (dyskenesia)
fluctuations in clinical state-
hypokinesia and rigidity comes and goes rapidly
what is bromocriptine, cabergoline and pergolide
orally active D1 and 2 receptor agonists
can have severe side effects
what is pramipexole and ropinole
D2/ 3 selective receptor agonists with fewer side effects
what is rotigotine
transdermal dopamine patch
what is apomorphine
injection of to control effects of levodopa
what are features of dopamine dysregulation syndrome
narcolepsy
impulse control disorders
hypotension
neuroleptic malignant syndrome if stopped abruptly
a dysfunction of the reward system observed in some individuals taking dopaminergic medications for an extended period
what is selegiline/ rasagiline
selective MAO-B
protects dopamine from extraneuronal degradation
combined with levodopa is effective
rasagiline may retard disease progression
used in combination with levodopa
what is amantadine
antiviral drug found to be beneficial in PD
increased dopamine release
less effective than levodopa
what is the moa of acetylcholine antagonists
inhibitory effect on dopaminergic nerves which compensates for a lack of dopamine
what are benshexol, orphenadrine and procycline
acetylcholine antagonists
what is the extrapyramidal system
involved in unconscious movement
chiefly found in the reticular formation of the pons and medulla, and target neurons in the spinal cord involved in reflexes, locomotion, complex movements, and postural control
rubrospinal tract pontine reticulospinal tract medullary reticulospinal tract lateral vestibulospinal tract tectospinal tract
what are extrapyramidal symptoms
drug induced movement disorders
what are Akinetic-rigid syndromes
paucity and slowness of movement accompanied by muscle stiffness and resistance to passive movement.
typical of parkinsons
what is Parkinson’s plus syndrome
features of regular parkinsons disease but with extra features
what is multiple syndrome atrophy
a degenerative[1] neurological disorder that depicts a group of disorders characterised by the neuronal degeneration mainly in the substantia nigra, striatum, autonomic nervous system and cerebellum.
what is Progressive Supranuclear Palsy
rare and progressive condition that can cause problems with balance, movement, vision, speech and swallowing.
caused by a build up of tau proteins
what is cortical lewy body disease aka dementia with lewy bodies
dementia with symptoms of parkinsons
what is Drug-induced Parkinsonism
caused by drugs that interfere with dopamine
what is Corticobasal degeneration
symptoms of parkinsons and dementia due to a build up of tau proteins
what is hypomimia
lack of facial expression
