Parkinson's Disease Flashcards
(16 cards)
What age is mostly affected?
50s
What are the cardinal symptoms?
Tremor
Rigidity
Bradykinesia (slowness)
Postural instability
What are other symptoms?
Dysarthria Dysphagia Depression Apathy Fatigue Dementia
Name some promote characteristics
Olfactory (smell) deficit
Sleep disorders
Constipation
Mood Changes
What are lewy bodies?
An abnormal formation of proteins
What percentage loss of dopamine results in bradykinesia?
70-80%
In Parkinson’s, the loss of dopamine producing neurons is most profound within what?
the Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta (origin of the nigrostriatal pathway)
What are basal ganglia?
a collection of subcortical, grey matter structures, within the brain (collection of nuclei)
What are the main structures of the basal ganglia?
Striatum (includes the Caudate Nucleus and Putamen)
Globus Pallidus (internal and external)
Substantia Nigra (Pars reticulata and pars compacta)
Subthalamic Nucleus
What’s the role of the basal ganglia?
Motor control
Learning
Cognitive functions
Emotions
Which pathway gives the ‘Go’ signal?
Direct Pathway
Substantia Nigra signals make thalamus more active, increasing movement
Which pathway is “NoGo”?
Indirect Pathway
SN tightens leash on thalamus, decreasing activity and decreasing movement
What is the result of a reduction in dopamine?
Reduction in activation from direct pathway (turning down GO)
Increase in inhibition from indirect pathway (turning up of NOGO)
What are some side effects of medication?
Hallucinations
Chorea (abnormal, involuntary movements)
Dystonia (muscles tighten, involuntary sustained contractions)
Surgical solution
Deep brain stimulation (STN or GPi) Legioning surgery (Pallidotomy)
Roles of SLT
Dysphagia
Dysarthria
Language
Cognitive
