parkison from physiotherapy

Question 1

what are the motor symptoms of parkinson?

Answer 1

resting tremor
rigidity
bradykinesia
postural instability
gait festinating
macrophagic
masked facies
retropulsion
hypophonic speech

Question 2

non-motor symptoms of parkinson

Answer 2

constipation
autonomic dysfunction
impaired olfaction
dementia
depression
sleep disorders
impulse control disorder
psychosis

Question 3

what are the stages of PD?

Answer 3

prodromal PD
stable PD
unstable PD
advanced PD
palliative stage

Question 4

what is the primary motor?

Answer 4

tremor
bradykinesia
rigidity
postural instability

Question 5

what is the secondary motor?

Answer 5

freezing of the gait
lack of facial expression
micrograph

Question 6

what is the pre-motor?

Answer 6

loss of smell sense
constipation
sleep disorder
mood disorder
low blood pressure when standing
orthostatic hypotention

Question 7

what are the basal ganglia neclues?

Answer 7

striatum
the globus pallidus
subthalamic nucleus
the substantia nigra

Question 8

A 70 to 80 percent loss of neurons occurs before symptoms become apparent.
true or false?

Answer 8

true

Question 9

Direct pathway facilitates BG input to the thalamus and motor areas
true or false?

Answer 9

false, facilitates output

Question 10

Indirect pathway disinhibits the STN and in turn inhibits thalamus and motor areas
true or false?

Answer 10

true

Question 11

Loss of dopamine results in an overactive indirect pathway that is thought to underlie Akinesia and Rigidity
true or false?

Answer 11

true

Question 12

Underactive direct pathway is responsible for tremor
true or false?

Answer 12

false, bradykinesia

Question 13

It is felt uniformly in agonist and muscle only.
Spinal stretch reflexes are abnormal.
Rigidity is fairly constant regardless of the task, amplitude, or speed of movement.
Both Cogwheel & Leadpipe rigidity are found
true or false?

Answer 13

false, rigidity both agonist and antagonist
stretch reflexes are normal

Question 14

rigidity affects the shoulders & neck first and later involves muscles of the face & extremities
true or false?

Answer 14

true

Question 15

what is absent of movement?

Answer 15

akinesia

Question 16

what is freezing movement?

Answer 16

sudden block in the movement

Question 17

Slowness of movement, Movements are typically reduced in speed, range, and amplitude are related to bradykinesia
true or false?

Answer 17

true

Question 18

bradykinesia is the initial symptom of PD in about 70 % of patients
true or false?

Answer 18

false, tremor

Question 19

Involuntary oscillation of a body part occurring at a slow frequency of 4 to 6 Hz is?

Answer 19

rsting tremor

Question 20

Postural instability is rare in early years until 5 years of diagnosis
true or false?

Answer 20

true

Question 21

Extensor muscles of the trunk demonstrate lesser weakness than flexor muscles causing stooped posture and significant change in the center-of- alignment
true or false?

Answer 21

false, the opposite

Question 22

Freezing, poor gait, dementia, depression, postural hypotension, involuntary movements decrease the risk for falls
true or false?

Answer 22

false, increase

Question 23

rotational movements in motor planning are reduced
true or false?

Answer 23

true

Question 24

Insufficient hip, knee and ankle flexion is?

Answer 24

shuffling steps

Question 25

Reduced stride length, speed of walking Cadence normal but may be reduced in late stages Increased double limb support time Insufficient heel strike with forefoot loading Reduced trunk rotation and arm swing freezing gait difficulty turning are all related to??

Answer 25

GAit

Question 26

MMSE-MoCA Depression Inventory Sensory evaluation – paraesthesias MMT ROM FRT Timed Up & Go test Dynamic Posturography 10 meter walk test, Walkie- Talkie test 6 minute walk test FIM are for?

Answer 26

assessments of PD

Question 27

Levodopa (L-dopa) is the mainstay of ??. like: Dopamine Agonists Anticholinergic Agents

Answer 27

symptomatic treatment for PD.

Question 28

Deep brain stimulation is surgical procedure to treat symptoms of??

Answer 28

Advanced Parkinson’s disease dystonia essential tremor

Question 29

DBS could be just right for anyone having?

Answer 29

-Parkinson’s disease symptoms for at least 5 years -Symptoms unresolved with regular medications -Intolerable side effects of medicines

Question 30

Gait, balance, posture, and transfers are the key domains for physiotherapy within the PD not rigidity,bradykinesia, and resting tremor true or false?

Answer 30

true

Question 31

what are the PTS exercises for PD?

Answer 31

relaxation flexibility strengthening functional training balance Kitchen sink exercises locomotor training postural interventions cardiopulmonary training fatigue managment

Question 32

lower trunk rotation or sideline rolling or upper and lower trunk segmental rotations can be used

Answer 32

relaxation exercises

Question 33

rhythmic initiation is effective for?

Answer 33

rigidity

Question 34

ROM Exercises Passive stretching Hold & Contract Relax Passive Positioning for?

Answer 34

flexibility exercises

Question 35

free weights are safer from machine exercises in strengthening true or false?

Answer 35

false

Question 36

Force production during isokinetic contractions rather than isometric contractions have been noted for?

Answer 36

strengthening exercises

Question 37

what are the functional training

Answer 37

Moving in bed – rolling & supine - sit Side lying, rotation and weight bearing in side lying enhance transition to sitting Pelvic tilt – anterior – posterior, side to side and pelvic clock exercises in ball Sit- Stand activities Standing training with rotations Training to get up after fall Facial exercises

Question 38

Exercises to strengthen postural extensors. Stretching exercises for tight pectorals TA stretching Rotational exercises of the trunk and limbs Rhythmic initiation Functional task training (mat) Postural corrections using feed back mechanisms for?

Answer 38

postural interventions

Question 39

A festinating gait can be reduced by addition of modified heel or shoe wedges is for which treatment?

Answer 39

Adaptive and Supportive Devices