Parliament Flashcards

1
Q

What does Parliament consist of ?

A

House of Commons and the House of Lords

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2
Q

Who must approve a bill to become an Act of Parliament?

A

HOL and HOC

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3
Q

Under what act states that there must be a General Election every 5 years?

A

under the Fixed-term Parliament Act 2011

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4
Q

At the end of 2010, who did the HOL consist of?

A
  • 90 hereditary peers
  • c650 life peers
  • the most senior bishops in the Church of England
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5
Q

How many Peers are there in the HOL?

A

c800 , c170 women

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6
Q

Pre-2009 how many judges sat in the House of Lords?

A

12 judges

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7
Q

Who nominates life peers?

A

the PrimeMinster

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8
Q

Who awards titles of life peers?

A

the Monarch

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9
Q

Who were most life peerages given to ?

A

former politicians who retired from the HOC

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10
Q

Infamously , who was made a life peer after retirement in 1980’s?

A

Margret Thatcher

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11
Q

Before 1999, how many members of the HOL were there, how many hereditary ?

A

1,100 members, 750 of whom who were hereditary peers

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12
Q

To decide exactly what reforms should be made, what was set up to consider how many members of the HOL should be selected?

A

the Royal Commission (known as Wakeham Commission)

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13
Q

After the HOL Act 1999, how many peers were left hereditary?

A

92

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14
Q

What did the Wakeham Commission report in 2000 and recommend? (2)

A
  • that one third of the House should be elected
  • there should be a limit on the system of political patronage whereby the PM nominates peers
  • that an independent HOL Appointments Commission should be able to reject poorly qualified nominees and appoint ‘peoples peers’
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15
Q

What did the Wakeham Commission Report 2000 recommend about an Independent HOL Appointments Commission ?

A

That they should be able to reject poorly qualified nominees and appoint ‘peoples peers’

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16
Q

When was the House of Lords Appointments Commission set up?

A

2001

17
Q

When were the first ‘peoples peers’ appointed to the HOL?

A

When the HOL Appointments Commission was set up in 2001

18
Q

Who were ‘peoples peers’ supposed to be ?

A

ordinary people who had been recommended by other ordinary people

19
Q

What was the problem with the ‘peoples peers’?

A

that the list was mainly of already famous people rather than ‘McJoe Public’

20
Q

What was the HOL 1999 supposed to be ?

A

supposed to be a temporary solution while the Government consulted on the final makeup of the HOL

21
Q

What does the Government announce at the start of each parliamentary session?

A

the Government announces what particular law it intends to introduce during that session in the Queen’s Speech

22
Q

Why is European Union law passed in the UK?

A

In order to bring UK law in line with the European law

23
Q

What is an example when European Union law has been implemented on a specific

  • European Regulation or Directive
  • when UK law does not conform with the Treaty of Rome?
A
  • case of the Consumer Protection Act 1987

- such as the Sex Discrimination Act 1986

24
Q

What are other influences of parliamentary law-making?

A

-proposals for law reform by law reform agencies, commissions or inquiries into the effectiveness of existing law

25
Q

Give an example of when a specific event has led to formulating the law?

A

Dunblane massacre in March 1996 16 young children and their teacher killed. Led to an inquiry on gun ownership

26
Q

What was the result of the Dunblane massacre in March 1996 where 16 children and their teacher were killed?

A

By March 1997 , passed the Firearms (amendment ) Act 1997 banning private ownership of most handguns

27
Q

Give an example of when a terrorist incident led to formulating law?

A

terrorist attack on the World Trade Centre New York September 2001 , UK Parliament passed the Anti-Terrorism Crime and Security Act 2001

28
Q

What is an example of when pressure groups have led to Governments bowing to public opinion?

A

the introduction of the Disability Discrimination Act 1995 giving disabled people certain rights in relation to employment , shops, hotels and other services

29
Q

What did the Hunting Act 2004 ban due to pressure group the ‘League against Cruel Sports’ ?

A

hunting foxes with dogs

30
Q

What did the pressure group ASH do along with public and medical opinion?

A

enforced strict laws in 2007 against smoking in public places