part 1

Question 1

An extension of an upper respiratory infection involving the trachea
Usually viral in origin

Answer 1

acute bronchitis

Question 2

Early symptoms are similar to Acute bronchitis are?
what are the most common symptom?

what are the treatment ?

what are used if sputum culture
identifies specific bacterial organisms

Answer 2

those of the common cold.
sputum

Treatment includes humidification with warm or cool moist air, cough mixtures, or bronchodilators. rest

antibiotic

Question 3

An acute, highly infectious disease of the upper and lower respiratory tracts.

Answer 3

influzena

Question 4

what are the four causes of influenza

Answer 4

Caused by three major types (A, B, and C) and numerous subtypes
and type D

Question 5

type A & B are responsible for what

Answer 5

seasonal disease epidemics

Question 6

type C cause

tpye D causes what

Answer 6

mild respiratory illness and does not cause epidemics

affect cattle

Question 7

how is influenza spread

Answer 7

Spread by direct and indirect contact

Question 8

what do the influenza affect

Answer 8

respiratory mucosa
lungs
pharynx
sinuses
eustachian

Question 9

Signs and Symptoms of influenza

Virus is usually shed for

Answer 9

Appear 2 to 3 days after exposure
Headache, fever, chills, and muscle aches
Sore throat, hacking cough, runny nose, and nasal congestion

1 to two 2 before the onset of symptoms.

Question 10

how can you DX influenza

and what will Dx test show

Answer 10

chest radiographs

viral cultural, serology, rapid molecular.

Question 11

Antibiotics are not effective against and are given when

Answer 11

viral illness and are contraindicated.

if there is evidence of bacterial infection secondary to the viral infection

Question 12

if a person are known to be at high risk for influenza and exposed to type A influenzas what may the hcp give

these drugs must be started

Answer 12

rimantadine
zamamivir
oseltamivir

within 48 hours of the start of symptoms.

Question 13

Uncomplicated influenza usually is managed more effectively by

Answer 13

nursing intervention than by drugs or other forms of medical treatment.

Question 14

nursing intervention for influenza

Answer 14

fluid intake 3000 ml
analgesic
saline gargles
mouth care every 4hrs
humidifier 
rest

Question 15

extensive inflammation of the lung with either consolidation of the lung tissue as it fills with exudate or interstitial inflammation and edema

Answer 15

pneumonia

Question 16

pneumonia affect what side of the lung more

Answer 16

one more but it can affect both

Question 17

is a serious condition affecting an entire lobe of the lung and is usually streptococcus pneumoniae

Answer 17

lobar streptococcus

Question 18

Bacteria or viruses may cause

which one is more common and is associated w/ greater symptoms and risk

Answer 18

pneumonia.

bacteria

Question 19

is the most common cause of bacterial pneumonia

Answer 19

S.pnemonaie

Question 20

are always presented in the upper respiratory tract

Answer 20

pathogenic microorganisms

Question 21

can occur when resistance is lowered by some other factor

Answer 21

such as chronic disease, alcoholism, debilitation, physical inactivity or extreme in age

Question 22

what are some prevention of pneumonia

what should you receive

Answer 22

people who are 65 years old and chronic respiratory disease should receive the pneumococcal vaccine

elevated the head of bed at 30 to 45 degree

Question 23

s/s of pneumonia

Answer 23

Usually a high fever accompanied by chills

A cough that produces rusty or blood-flecked sputum

Sweating and chest pain that is made worse by respiratory movement

A general feeling of malaise and aching muscles

Question 24

how is pneumonia Dx

Answer 24

is confirmed by chest radiography, which reveals densities in the affected lung.

Question 25

And atypical pneumonia body temperature can be Best sounds can sound like

Answer 25

Normal or subnormal But sounds can be normal with perhaps only occasional crackles in wheezes

Question 26

What is pneumonia treated with

Answer 26

``` IV Or oral antibiotic agent like erythromycin Marcolides Cephalosporin Aminoglocoside Fluoroquinolones ```

Question 27

Atypical pneumonia is caused by How are they treated

Answer 27

Mycoplasma species With erythromycin Clarithromycin Azithromycin

Question 28

Viral atypical pneumonia requires know what

Answer 28

Anti-infective therapy but antiviral medication may be administered

Question 29

What are some complementary sand alternatives of therapy for pneumonia What type of bacteria is it good against It should not be used during what

Answer 29

Barberry roots is used against bacteria, fungi, and viruses It has an anti-microbial action against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria It should not be used during pregnancy because it can cause spontaneous abortion

Question 30

What are some nursing management for pneumonia

Answer 30

``` Promote oxygenation Control elevated temperature Maintain nutritional and fluid intake Provide adequate rest. •Monitor vital signs and respiratory status. •Relieve pain and discomfort. •Provide good oral hygiene. •Prevent irritation of the lungs by smoke and other irritants. •Avoid secondary bacterial infections ```

Question 31

➢People at high risk for influenza-

Answer 31

related complications and severe disease, including children ages 6 to 59 months, pregnant women, people older than 50 years, and people of any age with certain chronic medical conditions

Question 32

•People who live with or care for persons at high risk, including household contacts who have frequent contact with people at high risk and who can transmit influenza to those individuals, and health care workers

Answer 32

Are at risk of influenza

Question 33

•The first signs of pneumonia What happens to their mental status How should the patient be position What happens to their respiratory rate What’s a very late sign

Answer 33

decreasing oxygenation may be restlessness or confusion. * The patient may want to sit upright to allow for better chest excursion. * The respiratory rate will increase, and later there will be flaring of the nares and then retraction of respiratory muscles if the condition worsens. * Cyanosis is a very late sign.

Question 34

The patient should breathe deeply and cough how many times while there a way to prevent atelectasis which can lead up to the pneumonia How much fluid should They be taking and why

Answer 34

Breathe deeply and cough 5 to 10 minutes each hour 2500 to 3000 mL a day because abdominal distention, nausea and vomiting can happen

Question 35

Older adults are more at risk for influenza and pneumonia because ___often is the most obvious sign of atypical pneumonia in older adults. It may take_____ after a bout of pneumonia for the older person to be able to do what

Answer 35

of a less efficient immune system, decreased action of cilia, and decreased elasticity and muscle tone. Confusion 6 to 12 weeks, resume normal activities without undue fatigue.

Question 36

Very old patients may never quite regain what after a serious episode of pneumonia? Teach older adults to seek medical attention quickly if

Answer 36

regain the former level of wellness symptoms of pneumonia occur.

Question 37

__occurs when the fluid within the pleural cavity becomes infected and the exudate becomes____ The organisms causing the infection may be what?

Answer 37

Empyema thick and purulent. staphylococci or streptococci.

Question 38

An incomplete expansion, or collapse, of alveoli May occur from compression what How can it happens postoperative Is it reversible Breath sounds are what w this condition? Treatment consists of what ?

Answer 38

Atelectasis compression of the lungs from outside, a decrease in surfactant, or bronchial obstruction Accumulation of anesthesia, extended period w/out moving, hypo ventilation Yes Breath sounds are diminished when the airways are collapsed, and oxygen saturation (Sao2) will decrease. Treatment consists of expelling secretions by coughing.

Question 39

If your postoperative Patient has crackles in the base of the lungs have them do what

Answer 39

Take several deep breath‘s and cough Listen again if the crackles are gone the atelectasis gone

Question 40

The most common fungal lung infections are

Answer 40

coccidioidomycosis and histoplasmosis. These are on the pwpoint Aspergillus

Question 41

Occurs primarily in the western United States Occurs by inhaling the dust desert recreational activities are in working in occupation that requires digging in the earth What are s/s

Answer 41

Coccidoidmycosis Typically there are no symptoms of mild respiratory symptoms but 40% will have a cough, fever, chest pain and joint pain sometimes flat red rash with dark read papules

Question 42

It’s also transmitted by inhalation of spores that’s commonly found in the environment in mold What are some signs and symptoms

Answer 42

Aspergillus Cough Wheezing Fever Dyspnea

Question 43

And the fungus lives in the moist soil such as mushrooms on the floor of chicken houses and bat caves What are some signs and symptoms

Answer 43

Histoplasmosis I fever, fatigue, cough, dyspnea, and weight loss over 1 to 2 months

Question 44

Are seen mostly in immune compromised people or those who have cystic fibrosis How are fungal infection treated

Answer 44

Blastomycosis Cryptococcosis Candidiasis trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole

Question 45

How are fungal infection diagnose

Answer 45

By history, signs and symptoms, and positive skin test reaction to fungus or Serology testing