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Cardiopulmonary - Final > Part 1 > Flashcards

Part 1 Flashcards

(58 cards)

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1
Q

funnel chest

A

pectus excavatum

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2
Q

what do we lose with pectus excavatum

A

50% of lung capacity

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3
Q

diaphragm is responsible for ____% of the mechanics of breathing

A

64%

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4
Q

the diaphragm is responsible for ___ of the physiology of breathing

A

25%

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5
Q

muscle fibers in the diaphragm

A

55% of type 1

24% of type 2b

21% of type 2a

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6
Q

pigeon chest is also called

A

pectus carinatum

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7
Q

what is pectus carinatum

A

anterior sternal projection

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8
Q

who has pectus carinatum

A

50% of pt w/ atrial and ventricle septal defects

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9
Q

pigeon chest is associated w/

A

severe asthma

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10
Q

barrel chest is associated w/

A

COPD

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11
Q

barrel chest overstretches the…

A

diaphragm

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12
Q

what happens to the diaphragm w/ barrel chest

A

mechanically insufficient

relies on other muscles to help out w/ breathing

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13
Q

how much of the diaphragm do vented pts lose per day

A

5% of diaphragm

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14
Q

w/ funnel chest we lose…

A

50% of lung capacity

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15
Q

w/ pigeon chest…

A

the sternum is displaced anteriorly

increasing the anteroposterior diameter

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16
Q

goals of airway clearance

A

reduce airway obstructions

improve mucociliary clearance

improve ventilation

optimize gas exchange

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17
Q

what is a chest tube

A

drainage collection system

monitors the amount of drainage and intrathoracic blood loss

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18
Q

purpose of a chest tube

A

drain blood, fluid or air form plural space and mediastinum

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19
Q

precautions of a chest tube

A

if pt is disconnected from wall suction…

-avoid SL on tube
-do not kink tube
-must be medically cleared for PT

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20
Q

what should we do if the canister is knocked over –> chest tube

A

clamp the tube as close to pt as possible

call for help

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21
Q

what happens if we dont call for help –> chest tube

A

lung will collapse

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22
Q

which mode of a vent induces a coma

A

controlled mechanical ventilation

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23
Q

what type of exercise can we prescribe for a pt on intermittent mandatory vent

A

AAROM

ankle pumps

knee flexion/extension

etc.

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24
Q

in which types of vent can the pt NOT ambulate stairs

Study These Flashcards
A

synchronized intermittent mandatory vent

SIMV

25
what is the most physiological position for pulmonary pts
upright
26
least justifiable position for pulmonary pts
supine
27
why is supine least justifiable w/ pulmonary pts
lose A/P movement of chest wall FRC decreased w/ restrictive dz increased w/ obstructive dz
28
what must we have in order to breath in the supine position
diaphragm must be 5/5 strength
29
for a unilateral lung lesion, which side is the pt supposed to lay on
place the "good side down" that side is working better so put it at a mechanical advantage
30
for a bilateral lung lesion, which side is the pt supposed to lay on
place the right side down d/t 3 lobes and more lung tissue
31
for a lung resection pt never place the
bad side down
32
what position is the diaphragm more efficient
Trendelenburg
33
contraindications for the Trendelenburg position
increased ICP hemoptysis uncontrolled HTN distended abdomen airways @ risk for aspiration (CVA,TBI)
34
prone position increases
tidal volume lung compliance
35
how does the prone position affects pts w/ COPD
stabilizes anterior chest wall increases muscular contraction of respiratory muscles (diaphragm, abdominals)
36
lobectomy
resection of the entire lobe
37
pneumonectomy
resection of the entire lung
38
wedge restriction
resection of small localized region
39
segemtectomy
resection of a bronchopulmonary segment
40
biliobectomy (R-ONLY)
resection of the middle lobe along w/ either upper or lower
41
bronchoplasty/sleeve resection excision
part of the main stem bronchus followed by anastomosis of lower lobe to the proximal bronchus
42
what muscles are damaged w/ posterolateral thoracotomy
serratus anterior intercostals of 5/6th intercostal space lat dorsi rhomboids ribs 5 and 6 broken
43
tx for a pt after posterior thoracotomy
PT pre-medicate (20 min prior) postural training PROM/AROM (ipsilateral) CPT splinted coughing rib mobilization look for scapular winging (long thoracic N cut)
44
what muscles are damaged w. anterolateral thoracotomy
pec major serratus anterior intercostals costal arch
45
tx for a pt w/ anterior thoracotomy
pre-medicate postural training PROM to ipsilateral UE if pec major isnt repaired deep breathing CPT splinted coughing rib mobilization
46
what muscles are cute for lateral thoracotomy
lat dorsi serratus anterior intercostals rhomboids (sometimes repaired)
47
muscles damaged for median sternotomy
pecs rectus abdominis (always cut)
48
PT tx for median sternotomy
PT (premed 20 min prior) PROM/AROM/AAROM always bilateral and <90 postural training CPT splinted cough rib mobilization
49
muscles damaged from a thoracoabdominal incision
lat dorsi serratus anterior external oblique rectus abdominis costal arch
50
PT tx for thoracoabdominal incision
pre med 20 min prior postural training CPT transfer training deep breathing splinted coughing
51
normal breath sounds
tracheal bronchial bronchovesicular vesicular
52
which breath sound is high pitched, harsh and hollow
tracheal
53
where is bronchial breath sound heard
over the manubrium on either side
54
relationship b/w expiration and inspiration during bronchial breath sound
expiration is louder and longer w/ a pause in b/w inspiration and expiration
55
bronchovesicular breath sound heard best
sternal border b/w chest 1st/2nd IC space near sternum interscapular region (mainstem bronchi)
56
inspiration/expiration of bronchovesicular breath sound
equal
57
vesicular breath sound
heard over healthy lung tissue
58
expiration and inspiration --> vesicular
inspiration is markedly longer

Cardiopulmonary - Final (4 decks)

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