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A&P1 Lec Exam 5 Brain > Part 1 > Flashcards

Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Regions of the Brain

A
  1. Cerebrum
  2. Cerebellum
  3. Brain Stem
    - (Diencephalon)
  4. Midbrain
  5. Pons
  6. Medulla oblongata
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2
Q

-Largest part of brain
-Interprets sensory info
-controls higher mental functions
-sends motor commands

A

Cerebrum

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3
Q

Cerebrum is divided into ? by?

A

L and R cerebral hemispheres
divided by Longitudinal fissure

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4
Q

Surface of Cerebrum is made of ? called?

A

Gray matter called neural cortex or cerebral cortex

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5
Q

these surface are Highly folded for what

A

For increase surface area

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6
Q

Elevated ridges

A

gyri

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7
Q

Shallow depressions

A

sulci

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8
Q

Deep grooves

A

fissures

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9
Q

-Second largest part of brain
-Function is for Coordination of movements, time keeping

A

Cerebellum

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10
Q

Cerebellum is divided into?
and connected by?

A

L & R cerebellar hemisphere connected by Vermis

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11
Q

Cerebellum surface is ?

A

gray matter called Cerebellar Cortex

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12
Q

deep in cerebellum white matter forms called

A

arbor vitae

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13
Q

ascending from ___to ___
brain functions become more____
and more____

A

medulla oblongata to cerebrum;
more complex & more variable

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14
Q

Controls most basic life sustaining functions

A

Brain stem

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15
Q

examples of most basic life sustaining functions

A

HR, BP, Respirations, sleep, hunger, thirst, digestion

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16
Q

these are produced in the NEURAL CORTEX and we call these

A

-conscious thoughts and intelligence
-higher level functions

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17
Q

cranial meninges function

A

to protect the brain from cranial trauma

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18
Q

cranial meninges layers

A
  1. Dura mater
  2. Arachnoid mater
  3. Pia mater
19
Q

Physical Protection of the Brain

A

-Bones of the cranium
-Cranial meninges
-Cerebrospinal fluid

20
Q

Biochemical Isolation

A

Blood–brain barrier

21
Q

what are important things about dura mater

A
  • Outer fibrous layer (periosteal layer) fused to
    periosteum
  • No epidural space as with the spinal cord
  • Inner fibrous layer (meningeal layer)
  • Space beneath is subdural space
  • Venous sinuses between two layers that Drain blood from brain
22
Q

what are important things about arachnoid mater?

A

Middle layer
* Smooth membrane covering surface of the brain (does not dip
into crevices)
* Subarachnoid space between arachnoid mater and pia mater

23
Q

what are important things about Pia mater

A
  • On brain surface
  • Only the pia matter enters sulci
24
Q

when blood accumulates in the subdural space is it called

A

subdural hematoma

25
Q

space between periosteal and meningeal layers of dura mater that Drain blood from brain

A

venous sinuses

26
Q

forms when inner layer of dura mater Extend into fissures

A

Dural folds

27
Q

3 largest dural folds & locations

A
  1. Falx cerebri – between cerebral hemispheres
  2. Tentorium cerebelli - separates cerebellum and cerebrum
  3. Falx cerebelli – divides cerebellar hemispheres below the
    tentorium cerebelli
28
Q
  • Cushions delicate neural structures
    -Gives the brain buoyancy
  • Transports nutrients, chemical messengers, and waste
    products
A

CSF

29
Q

Csf gives the brain buoyancy which decreases___weight

A

effective

30
Q

in the ventricles, blood is filtered out of the vessels in the ___and across the____

A

choroid plexus and ependyma

31
Q

controls the composition of Csf and secretes it into the ventricles

A

Ependymal cells

32
Q

csf flows thru___&___
bathes____
flows thru____
and csf re enters the blood in____

A

ventricles & central canal
outer surface of brain
subarachnoid space
venous sinuses

33
Q

-Abnormal accumulation of CSF in the brain
___head of infant and can lead to____

A

Hydrocephalus
enlarged
neural tissue damage

34
Q

a constant blood supply to the brain is integral because neural tissue depends almost entirely on_____to make atp.
this means that it need____at all times.

A

-glucose metabolism
-glucose & oxygen

35
Q

When blood flow to an area of the brain is inhibited in some way, a stroke or _occurs:

A

Cerebrovascular accident CVA

36
Q

When blood flow is blocked by a blood clot, the stroke is called a _____________ stroke.

A

thrombotic stroke

37
Q

When blood flow is inhibited because of a bleed or hemorrhage in a vessel, the stroke is
called a _______________

A

Hemorrhagic stroke

38
Q

If a patient had a stroke in the Left cerebral hemisphere, where would the symptoms be
present? Why?

A

Hemispheric lateralization

39
Q

purpose of the blood brain barrier?

A

isolates CNS neural tissue from general circulation

40
Q

The BBB is formed by ______________ ____________ between ____________ cells. (these
cells are cells that line____________ ______________)

A

-tight junctions between endothelial cells.
-blood vessels

41
Q

control and maintain the blood brain barrier (enclose vessels with their
processes and induce the formation of tight junctions between endothelial cells)

A

Astrocytes

42
Q

Formed by tight junctions between EPENDYMAL CELLS that surround the capillaries
of the CHOROID PLEXUS.

A

Blood-Csf barrier

43
Q

Blood CSF Barrier is formed by ?

A

Formed by tight junctions between EPENDYMAL CELLS that surround the capillaries
of the CHOROID PLEXUS.

44
Q

Why do we not maintain a blood brain barrier in the vessels surrounding the hypothalamus,
pituitary gland, and pineal gland?

A
  1. Portions of hypothalamus
    * Secrete hypothalamic hormones
  2. Pituitary gland
    * Secretes pituitary hormones
  3. Pineal gland
    * Pineal hormone secretions
  4. Choroid plexus
    * Where special ependymal cells maintain blood–CSF
    barrier

A&P1 Lec Exam 5 Brain (3 decks)

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