part 1

Question 1

define organizational psychology

Answer 1

Organizational Psychology is the understanding, prediction and control of human behaviour in organizations.

Question 2

what did scholar Geert Hofstede said

Answer 2

“Because management is always about people, its essence is dealing with human nature. Since human nature seems to have been extremely stable over recorded history, the essence of management has been and will be equally stable over time.

Question 3

archaeology

Answer 3

Archaeology is the study of the ancient and recent human past through material remains

Question 4

anthropology

Answer 4

Anthropology is the scientific study of humanity, concerned with human behavior, human biology, cultures, societies, and linguistics, in both the present and past, including archaic(old) humans.

Question 5

sociology vs social psychology

Answer 5

Sociology examines broader societal structures and institutions, while social psychology delves into individual behavior and interactions within those structures.

Question 6

ethnography

Answer 6

Ethnography is a branch of anthropology and the systematic study of a single culture in depth.

Question 7

Ethnology

Answer 7

Ethnology is the scientific study of different peoples, including their cultural practices, social structures, and relationships with their environment.

Question 8

indigenous

Answer 8

native

Question 9

pioneer

Answer 9

first to explore

Question 10

colonizer

Answer 10

a country that sends settlers to a place and establishes political control over it

Question 11

major approaches used in organizational psychology

Answer 11

Behaviouristic Approach as that of Pavlov or Cognitive Approach as that of Freud

Question 12

Hawthorne effect

Answer 12

The Hawthorne effect refers to the phenomenon that when people are observed in a study, their behavior or performance temporarily changes. A series of experiments was conducted in the factory between 1924 and 1932.

Question 13

test-retest reliability

Answer 13

The reliability coefficient obtained with a repetition of the same measure on a second occasion is called test
retest reliability

Question 14

parallel-form reliability

Answer 14

When responses on two comparable sets of measures tapping the same construct are highly correlated, we have parallel-form reliability

Question 15

split half reliability

Answer 15

The internal consistency of measures is indicative of the homogeneity of the items in the measure that tap the construct.
In other words, the items should “hang together as a set, “

Question 16

Content validity

Answer 16

Content validity ensures that the measure includes an adequate and representative set of items that tap the concept. The more the scale items represent the domain or universe of the concept being measured, the
greater the content validity.

Question 17

predictive validity

Answer 17

Predictive validity indicates the ability of the measuring instrument to differentiate among individuals with
reference to a future criterion.

Question 18

construct validity

Answer 18

It testifies to how well the results obtained from the use of the measure fit the theories around which the test is designed.

Question 19

concurrent validity

Answer 19

Concurrent validity is a type of criterion validity, which assesses how well a test or measure predicts a specific outcome or criterion. The key aspect of concurrent validity is that both the new test and the “gold standard” are administered to the same individuals or groups at approximately the same time.

Question 20

——— is usually credited with globalization’s first use in an
economic context

Answer 20

Theodore Levitt

Question 21

Globalization refers to

Answer 21

a process of increasing global
connectivity and integration between nation-states, households/individuals corporations and other
organizations

Question 22

Griggs classified diversity into two dimensions

Answer 22

1. primary( inborn)
2. secondary (acquired)

Question 23

define organization

Answer 23

An organization is a deliberate arrangement of people to accomplish some specific purpose. Your university
is an organization

Question 24

deliberate

Answer 24

intentional and consciously

Question 25

2 types of organizations

Answer 25

1.vertical organization 2.horizontal organization

Question 26

classical organizational theory

Answer 26

It represents the merger of 1.scientific management, 2.bureaucratic theory 3.administrative theory.

Question 27

scientific management theory

Answer 27

(Frederick Taylor) also called Taylorism, main focus was 1. best way to perform task 2. careful match of worker with task. 3. closely supervise 4.managment is to plan and control.

Question 28

Max Weber bureaucratic theory

Answer 28

Weber's bureaucratic theory emphasized the need for a hierarchical structure of power. It recognized the importance of division of labor and specialization. A formal set of rules was bound into the hierarchy structure to insure stability and uniformity.

Question 29

system theory

Answer 29

The foundation of systems theory is that all the components of an organization are interrelated, and that changing one variable might impact many others.

Question 30

socio-technical approach

Answer 30

The socio-technical systems approach is based on the premise that every organization consists of the people, the technical system and the environment.

Question 31

contingency theory and chandler

Answer 31

Contingency theorists view conflict as inescapable, but manageable. Implicit in Chandler's ideas was that organizations would act in a rational, sequential, and linear manner to adapt to changes in the environment.

Question 32

-federal decentralization- Drucker's new organizational structure.

Answer 32

In federal decentralization, a company is organized so that there are a number of independent units operating simultaneously. "Each unit has its own management which, in effect, runs its own autonomous business

Question 33

new organizational structures

Answer 33

-network structure( linking of numerous, separate organizations) -virtual organization (organization members interacting with each other completely, or almost completely, via telecommunications)

Question 34

two learning strategies

Answer 34

1.single loop (lower learning) 2.double loop(higher learning

Question 35

key elements of organizational culture.

Answer 35

1.observed behavior regularities. 2.norms 3.philosophy 4. dominant values 5. feeling or climate 6.rules of game

Question 36

jolt

Answer 36

shake abruptly.