Part 1: Basics of Pharmacology in Rehabilitation

Question 1

Chemical Name

Answer 1

Long, awkward, not useful clinically

Question 2

Generic Name

Answer 2

Short hand version of the chemical name

Question 3

Trade Name

Answer 3

Marketing tool to achieve name recognition

Question 4

Patent life of a drug

Answer 4

~20 years

Question 5

Government agency that oversees drug testing/approval process

Answer 5

FDA (Food and Drug Administration)

Question 6

Phases of Drug Testing

Answer 6

Preclinical Trials
Clinical Trials: Phase I (Healthy volunteer) 1 year
Phase II: Small pt sample 2 years
Phase III: Large pt sample 3 years
Phase 4: Post marketing surveillance

Question 7

Pharmacokinetics

Answer 7

How the body handles the drugs

Question 8

Pharmacodynamics

Answer 8

How the drugs affect the body

Question 9

Factors of Pharmacokinetics

Answer 9

Administration; Absorption; Distribution; Storage; Elimination

Question 10

Enteral

Answer 10

Using the GI tract for administration

Question 11

Parenteral

Answer 11

Not using the GI tract for administration

Question 12

Enteral route trade off

Answer 12

Simple, easy; less predictable absorption

Question 13

Parenteral route trade off

Answer 13

More difficult, inconvenient; more predictable absorption

Question 14

Odds of drug approval

Answer 14

5000 compounds—>5 clinical trials—->1 approved

Question 15

Implications of drug testing/approval

Answer 15

Drug costs
Availability
Failure to identify side effects

Question 16

Who can prescribe prescription meds?

Answer 16

Physician

Dentist

Question 17

Who can suggest drugs?

Answer 17

Physician
Dentist
NOT PT

Question 18

Absorption/Distribution affected by

Answer 18

Administration route
Chemical properties of drug
Various barriers and carriers

Question 19

Storage sites

Answer 19

Fat, muscle, bone, liver, kidneys

Question 20

Primary problems of storage

Answer 20

Local tissue damage

Redistribution: stored drug leaks out

Question 21

Metabolism of drugs

Answer 21

Primarily liver

Changes to inactive or less active metabolite

Question 22

Excretion of drugs

Answer 22

Primarily kidneys

Drug excreted from body

Question 23

Isozymes

Answer 23

Different forms of the same enzyme. Typical between genders

Question 24

Pharmacogenetics

Answer 24

Using a persons gene background to guide prescription

Question 25

Enteral Adminstration routes

Answer 25

Oral Sublingual Buccal Rectal

Question 26

Parenteral Administration routes

Answer 26

Injection Inhalation Topical Transdermal

Question 27

Bioavailability

Answer 27

Percent of the administered dose that appears in the bloodstream

Question 28

First pass effect

Answer 28

Some of the drug can be destroyed during the first pass through the liver

Question 29

Enzymes metabolize the drug via

Answer 29

Oxidation Reduction Hydrolysis Conjugation

Question 30

Off-labeling

Answer 30

Prescription of a drug for a purpose that has not been approved by the FDA

Question 31

Active metabolites

Answer 31

Some metabolites can continue to exert effects and side effects for prolonged periods

Question 32

Half-life

Answer 32

Amount of time required for 50% of the active form of the drug to be eliminated