PART 1: COMPREHENSIVE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS FOR IN OPTOMETRY

Question 1

The following are source of nutrient to the cornea except

A. Air
B. Perilimbal capillaries
C. Aqeous humour
D. Vitreous humour

Answer 1

Aqeous humour

Question 2

Padding of the eye is contraindicated in:

a. Corneal abrasion
b. Bacterial corneal ulcer
c. Mucopurulent conjunctivitis
d. After glaucoma surgery

Answer 2

Mucopurulent conjunctivitis

Question 3

In viral epidemic kerato-conjunctivitis characteristically there is Usually:

A. Copious purulent discharge
B. Copious muco-purulent discharge
C. Excessive watery lacrimation
D. Mucoid ropy white discharge

Answer 3

Thickening of the eye lid

Question 4

Dropping of the upper eye lid is called

A. Ptosis
B. Proptosis
C. Neuropathic keratopathy
D. Lagophthalmos

Answer 4

Ptosis

Question 5

Topical steroids are contraindicated in a case of viral corneal ulcer For fear of:

A. Secondary glaucoma
B. Cortical cataract.
C. Corneal perforation
D. Secondary viral infection.

Answer 5

Corneal perforation

Question 6

The diagnostic sign of corneal ulcer is

A. Ciliary injection
B. Blepharospasm
C. Miosis
D. Positive fluorescein test

Answer 6

Positive fluorescein test

Question 7

Chalazion is a chronic inflammatory granuloma of

A. Meibomian gland
B. Zies s gland
C. Sweat gland
D. Wolfring s gland

Answer 7

Meibomian gland

Question 8

The commonest cause of hypopyon corneal ulcer is:

A. Moraxella
B. Gonococcus
C. Pneumococcus
D. Staphylococcus

Answer 8

Pneumococcus

Question 8

The nerve that supplies Cornea:

A. Trochlear nerve
B. Optic nerve
C. Trigeminal nerve
D. Oculomotor nerve

Answer 8

Trigeminal nerve

Question 9

Which of the following forms the thickness of cornea:

A. Epithelial layer
B. Substantia propria
C. Descemet’s membrane
D. Endothelium

Answer 9

Substantia propria

Question 10

Evisceration is:

A. Excision of the entire eyeball
B. Removal of all the inner contents of the eyeball including the uveal tissue
C. Photocoagulation of the retina
D. Removal of orbit contents

Answer 10

Removal of all the inner contents of the eyeball including the uveal tissue

Question 11

While performing duochrome test, if the patient reports that he sees red letters clearer than green. It indicates that he is slightly:

A. Hypermetropic
B. Presbyopic
C. Myopic
D. Aphalcic

Answer 11

Hypermetropic

Question 12

Districhiasis is characterized by all of the following except:

A. Normal row of cilia is present
B. Extra row off cilia occupies a position posterior to the openings of the mebonian glands
C. An extra row of cilia is present
D. Cilia of the extra row may rub the cores

Answer 12

An extra row of cilia is present

Question 13

A stye is an infection either on an eyelash follicle, or of the sebaceous glands near the eyelash roots caused by:

A. Staphylococci
B. Streptococcal
C. Gonococcus
D. Neisseria

Answer 13

Staphylococci

Question 14

_________ is a viral wart like lesions which appears especially on the margins of the eyelids:

A. Ptesis
B. Proptosis
C. Leishmaniasis
D. Molluscum contagiosum

Answer 14

Leishmaniasis

Question 15

__________ are a feature of most types of conjunctivitis

A. Increased secretions
B. Night blindness
C. Retinal tears
D. Albinism

Answer 15

Increased secretions

Question 16

_____________ is the general word for any infection/inflammation if the conjunctiva

A. Rodent ulcers
B. Entropion
C. Conjunctivitis
D. Sebaceous ulcers

Answer 16

Conjunctivitis

Question 17

Most cases of conjunctivitis come from one of four basic causes except:

A. Bacterial infection
B. Viral infection
C. Trachoma
D. Intracecular pressure

Answer 17

Trachoma

Question 18

Metabolically most active layer of cornea is:

A. Stroma
B. Endothelium
C. Descermet’s membrane
D. Epithelium

Answer 18

Endothelium

Question 19

_____________ is the end result of any inflammatory process in the conjunctiva. It is especially common in trachoma.

A. Indocychtis
B. Scarring (fibrosis)
C. Adenovirus infection
D. None of the above

Answer 19

Scarring (fibrosis)

Question 20

All are Eye lid abnormalities, except:

A. Ectropion
B. Entropion
C. Chronic Blepharitis
D. Coroided Atrophy

Answer 20

Coroided Atrophy

Question 21

__________ will only encourage micro-organisms to multiply in conjunctivitis

A. Rodding
B. Padding
C. Pigmentos
D. All of the above

Answer 21

Padding

Question 22

The role of ophthalmic Nurses in prevention and management of eye condition in children are the following except:

A. Prompt diagnosis and early management
B. Negligence
C. Health Education, immunization and nutrition
D. Policy making and advocacy

Answer 22

Negligence

Question 23

The eye can be divided into two segments

A. Anterior and Inferior
B. Anterior and posterior
C. Zonular and layers
D. Posterior and Inferior

Answer 23

Anterior and posterior

Question 24

Systemic acyclovir in herpes zoster is useful: A. For post herpertic neuralgia B. For facial palsy C. For ocular-lesion only D. When started immediately after the onset of rash

Answer 24

For post herpertic neuralgia

Question 25

The nerve most frequently involved in herpes zoster ophthalmicus is: A. Vagus nerve B. Lacrimal nerve C. Trigeminal nerve D. Frontal nerve

Answer 25

Trigeminal nerve

Question 26

The only part of the cornea which can regenerate easily is the: A. Endothelium B. Exothelium C. Epithelium D. Epidelium

Answer 26

Epithelium

Question 27

The growth of blood vessels into the cornea is known as: A. Vascularization B. Muscularization C. Confirmation D. All of the above

Answer 27

Vascularization

Question 28

___________ is the commonest cause of child blindness in the world: A. Apapnoea B. Exopthalmia C. Xerophamia D. None of the above

Answer 28

Xerophamia

Question 29

____________ means precisely the changes in the eye due to vitamin A deficiency. A. Xeropthalmia B. Bulpthalmos C. Opthalmia Neonate D. All of the above

Answer 29

Xeropthalmia

Question 30

body. A. Panopthalmitis B. Blephantis C. Iridocyclitis D. Keratitis

Answer 30

Iridocyclitis

Question 31

______________ is a common and important cause of chorioretinitis and caused by a protozoan parasite. A. Toxoplasmosis B. Toximirasis C. Toxology D. All of the above

Answer 31

Toxoplasmosis

Question 32

To assess a patient with eye disease, several separate steps are necessary; except: A. Take patient's history B. Test the vision C. Bandage patient's eyes D. Examine the eyes

Answer 32

Bandage patient's eyes

Question 33

All are barriers to good communication with the patient except: A. Language B. Hospital card C. Time D. Culture and education

Answer 33

Hospital card

Question 34

_____________ is the technical name die eye strain A. Aphalcic B. Astnopia C. Asthenopia D. Atropia

Answer 34

Asthenopia

Question 35

Severe itching of the eyes, brownish discolouration of the sclera and follicles are manifestations of A. Scleritis B. Recurrent conjunctivitis C. Viral conjunctivitis D. Allergic conjunctivitis

Answer 35

Allergic conjunctivitis

Question 36

Any increase in the orbital content behind the globe vicery likely cause A. Glaucoma B. Diplopia C. Ptosis D. Proptosis

Answer 36

Proptosis

Question 37

Which of the following is the osmotic agent used in the treatment of glaucoma A. Timolol B. Mannitol C. Carbachol D. Acetazolamide

Answer 37

Mannitol

Question 38

One of these is an example of a non-experimental research design A. Field trials B. Explorative C. Time series D. Case study

Answer 38

Case study

Question 39

Swimming pool conjunctivitis is caused by A. Gonococcus B. Chlamydial trachomatis C. Adenovirus type D. Picorna virus

Answer 39

Chlamydial trachomatis

Question 40

One of these is a common adaptive feature normally associated with squint A. Recession B. Use of glasses C. Abnormal head pasture D. Looking erect

Answer 40

Abnormal head pasture

Question 41

In surgical incision and curettage of chalazion, the incision should be made A. Horizontanlly B. Vertically C. Diagnonally D. Longitudinally

Answer 41

Vertically

Question 42

Cavernous sinus thrombosis can result into which type of blindness A. Ocular blindness B. Optical blindness C. Cortical blindness D. All of the Above

Answer 42

Cortical blindness

Question 43

Landolt test ring was invented in 1888 by A. Charles Landolt B. Micheal Landolt C. Edward Landolt D. Edmund Landolt

Answer 43

Edmund Landolt

Question 44

The best objective method of assessing refractive errors in patient is by the use of A. Gonioscopy B. Retractometry C. Retinoscopy D. Ophthalmoscopy

Answer 44

Retinoscopy

Question 45

A sampling method in research in which all elements have equal chance of participation is called A. Random sampling B. Systemic sampling C. Quota sampling D. Cluster sampling

Answer 45

Random sampling

Question 46

The concept do no harm in ethical principle is A. Non-beneficience B. Maleficience C. Non-maleficience D. Beneficience

Answer 46

Non-maleficience

Question 47

The refractive power of an emmetropic eye is about A. +65D B. +55D C. +60D D. +50D

Answer 47

+50D

Question 48

The following are indications for the insertion of artificial lens EXCEPT A. Hypermetropia B. Hypopyon C. Presbyopia D. Astigmatism

Answer 48

Hypopyon

Question 49

The following are the effects of diabetes on the lens EXCEPT A. Cataract B. Refractive error C. Subluxation D. Glaucoma

Answer 49

Subluxation

Question 50

Anisocoria is an unequal size of pupils caused by the following EXCEPT A. Aide s pupil B. Horner s syndrome C. Iritis D. Acute papilloedema

Answer 50

Acute papilloedema

Question 51

One of these is the most important topical drug of choice in the management of a case of iridocyclitis A. Antibiotic B. Atropine C. Pilocarpine D. Timolol

Answer 51

Atropine

Question 52

Ocular lesions of gout include all of the following EXCEPT A. Uveitis B. Episcleritis C. Scleritis D. Keratitis

Answer 52

Keratitis

Question 53

The father of scientific management is known as A. Betty Neuman B. Benjamin Bloom C. Henry Fayol D. Fredrick W. Taylor

Answer 53

Fredrick W. Taylor

Question 54

The act of deciding in advance what to do, how to do it, when to do it and who to do it is A. Management B. Co-ordinating C. Planning D. Organizing

Answer 54

Planning

Question 55

A stable system of individuals who work together to achieve through hierarchy of ranks and division of labour with common goals is described as A. Management B. Co-ordinating C. Organizing D. Control

Answer 55

Organizing

Question 56

All of the following are indications for Eye irrigation EXCEPT A. Keratitis B. Chemical splash C. Foreign body D. Purulent discharge

Answer 56

Keratitis

Question 57

Which of these is a congenital abnormality of the eye A. Brucellosis B. Pan-ophthalmitis C. Toxoplasmosis D. Coloboma

Answer 57

Coloboma

Question 58

Attributes of a profession include all the following EXCEPT A. Maintain standard of practice B. Enlarge its scope of knowledge C. Have a regulating body D. Perform general functions other profession can perform

Answer 58

Perform general functions other profession can perform

Question 59

The following are examples of assault and battery EXCEPT A. Lifting a consenting patient from his bed to a wheel-chair B. Cutting a patient hair without his consent C. Forcing a patient to submit to treatment D. Threatening to strike or actually strike a patient

Answer 59

Lifting a consenting patient from his bed to a wheel-chair

Question 60

The formal system of organizing, classifying and naming living things is A. Classification B. Taxonomy C. Identification D. Nomenclature

Answer 60

Taxonomy

Question 61

The inflammation of the major tear gland (lacarimal gland proper is called A. Decro-adenitis B. Dacro-adenitis C. Dacrocystitis D. Dacrophimosis

Answer 61

Dacro-adenitis

Question 62

One of these is NOT an indication for sub-conjunctiva injection A. Severe inflammation e.g acute uvetis B. Dacro-adenitis C. Post-operatively D. Chronic standing synechiae

Answer 62

Dacro-adenitis

Question 63

The failure of the eye to adapt promptly from light to darkness that is characterized by reduce ability to see in dim light is known as A. Engioma B. Nyctalopia C. Scotoma D. Amblyopia

Answer 63

Nyctalopia

Question 64

All of these except one is not an indication for retro-bulbar block A. Cataract surgery B. Keratoplasty C. Glaucoma surgery D. Lid surgery

Answer 64

Glaucoma surgery

Question 65

One of these is the current medication use in the management of onchocerciasis A. Ivermectin (mectizam) B. Doxycicline C. Decxicyline D. Moxidectin

Answer 65

Ivermectin (mectizam)

Question 66

The essence of evaluating a patient in nursing process is to A. Give a time limit in nursing process B. Enable the nurse know if the patient is grateful or not C. Have scientific principles for each step taken by the nurse D. To know if the nursing order was effective or not

Answer 66

To know if the nursing order was effective or not

Question 67

A reversible loss of sensation with or without loss of consciousness to is referred to as A. Ocular Analgesia B. Ocular anaesthesia C. Ocular synthesia D. Ocular tripesia

Answer 67

Ocular anaesthesia

Question 68

One of these is not a method of administering of anaesthesia in ophthalmology A. Facial block B. Intrathecal block C. Peribulbar block D. Retrobulbar block

Answer 68

Intrathecal block

Question 69

Orbicularis akinesia can be achieved by blocking the A. Trigeminal nerve B. Occulomotor nerve C. Facial nerve D. Abducent nerve

Answer 69

Facial nerve

Question 70

One of the fundamental factors in the prevention of infection in the operating theatre is A. Sweeping and cleaning the theatre environment B. Proper, care and handling of the instrument and equipment C. Fumigating the theatre twice a month D. Provision of good illumination to help to improve vision in the theatre

Answer 70

Proper, care and handling of the instrument and equipment

Question 71

The most common form of retinal detachment is associated with A. Hypertension B. Trauma C. Ageing process D. Diabetes mellitus

Answer 71

Ageing process

Question 72

Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment is normally associated with formations of A. Traction B. Tumour C. Retinal hole D. Inflammation

Answer 72

Retinal hole

Question 73

One of these is NOT adaptive products normally use by people with visual disability to gain independence A. Talking calculator B. Braille C. Guitar D. Talking calculator

Answer 73

Guitar

Question 74

Tumour of the extraocular muscles in children is one of the causes of proptosis, it is known as A. Glioma B. Rhadomyosarcoma C. Myoma D. Burkitt s hyphoma

Answer 74

Rhadomyosarcoma

Question 75

The function of the lipid layer of the pre-corneal tear film is A. It moistens the eye ball B. It glues the layers of tears C. Prevention of fast evaporation of tears D. Glue the tear film solution

Answer 75

Prevention of fast evaporation of tears

Question 76

The following are equipments that are normally used in the operating eye theatre EXCEPT A. Slit-lamp microscope B. Cryomachine C. Cataract set D. Operating microscope

Answer 76

Cryomachine

Question 77

Alcohol and substance in patient s treatment shall be based on consent and information obtained from: a. Lawful third party b. The Chief Medical Director (CMD) c. The patient d. All of the above.

Answer 77

Lawful third party

Question 78

The act of appropriate and accurate reporting culture is referred to as: A. Filing B. Vetting C. Documentation D. Letter writing

Answer 78

Documentation

Question 79

It is of great essence that Nurses should know A. Only legal role B. Only legal rights C. Only legal responsibilities D. All of the above

Answer 79

All of the above

Question 80

Negligence in Nursing practice is referred to as . A. Recklessness B. Malpractice C. All of the above D. None of the above

Answer 80

Malpractice

Question 81

Felony in law is an offence that is punishable with a term of .and above. A. 1 year B. 2 years C. 3 years D. None of the above

Answer 81

3 years

Question 82

Law is characterized by which are binding on the people that are subject to the authority making such: A. Enforcement B. Pronouncement C. Recitation D. Practice

Answer 82

Pronouncement

Question 83

Which of these is a degenerative condition of the cornea? A. Arcus senilis B. Concretion C. Pemphigus D. Acne Rosacea

Answer 83

Arcus senilis

Question 84

A patient with glaucoma has his visual field assessed using the following, Except? A. Confrontation test B. Bjerrum screen C. Perimeter D. Sheridan Gardiner test

Answer 84

Sheridan Gardiner test

Question 85

A Glaucoma patient should be advised to; A. Washing his eyes on a regular basis B. Take laxative daily C. Keep an extra supply of eye medication at hand D. Have corrective lens prescription checked monthly

Answer 85

Keep an extra supply of eye medication at hand

Question 86

The under listed drugs can be given sub-conjunctively, except ...? A. Sosegon B. Depomedrol C. Lignocain D. Xylocaine

Answer 86

Sosegon

Question 87

After cataract surgery, the nurse should advice the patient; A. To carry out eye exercises to strengthen the ocular muscles B. To lie in supine position with head immobilized C. To refrain from vigorous brushing of teeth and hair D. To do coughing and deep breathing exercise

Answer 87

To refrain from vigorous brushing of teeth and hair

Question 88

The following are the main mechanism involved in physiology of vision, Except? A. Initiation of Vision B. Processing and Transmission of Visual sensation C. Visual Perception D. Visual Exchange

Answer 88

Visual Perception

Question 89

In light reflection, the light rays falling on a reflecting surface is called? A. Incident rays B. Normal rays C. Reflected rays D. Cardinal rays

Answer 89

Incident rays

Question 90

In the law of light reflection A. Light is reflected back B. The angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection C. The principal axis of the mirror must be at 90? D. The principal axis of the mirror must be at 180?

Answer 90

The angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection

Question 91

The total dioptic power of the adult eye is A. 16 diopters B. 20 diopters C. 40 diopters D. 60 diopters

Answer 91

60 diopters

Question 92

An adult cornea has the highest refractive power and is approximately A. 20 diopters B. 30 diopters C. 40 diopters D. 60 diopters

Answer 92

40 diopters

Question 93

All the following are visual angles, Except? A. Angle gamma B. Angle alpha C. Angle axis D. Angle kappa

Answer 93

Angle axis

Question 94

All the following are clinical types of Hypermetropia, Except? A. Simple or developmental hypermetropia B. Positional hypermetropia C. Pathological hypermetropia D. Functional hypermetropia

Answer 94

Positional hypermetropia

Question 95

Hypermetropia is corrected with; A. convex lens B. concave lens C. cylindrical lens D. Prisms

Answer 95

concave lens

Question 96

Myopia is corrected with; A. convex lens B. concave lens C. cylindrical lens D. Prism

Answer 96

concave lens

Question 97

Astigmatism is corrected with; A. Prism B. cylindrical lens C. convex lens D. concave lens

Answer 97

cylindrical lens

Question 98

The principle of value of life forms the basis for all other and it is from this principle that the others drew their effect. A. Life principles B. Ethical principles C. Legal principles D. Religious principles

Answer 98

Ethical principles

Question 99

The effect of cyclopentolate can be reversed by A. Timoptol B. Atropine C. Physostigmine D. Adrenalin

Answer 99

Timoptol