Part 1- Epithelium

Question 1

Cells are polarized and avascular attached by special cell to cell junctions and to underlying connective tissue

Answer 1

Epithelium

Question 2

All three germ layers give rise to

Answer 2

Epithelium

Question 3

One layer of cells with all cells attached to the basal lamina

Answer 3

Simple Epithelium

Question 4

More than one layer with only the basal cells attached to the basal lamina

Answer 4

Stratified epithelium

Question 5

Most common epithelium which functions in ion or gas exchange, diffusion, and filtration

Answer 5

Simple squamous epithelium

Question 6

Epithelium found in glands, gland ducts, bronchioles and nephrons functions in secretion or absorption

Answer 6

Simple cuboidal

Question 7

Epithelium found in stomach, intestines, gall bladder, female reproductive system, bronchioles and function in secretion and absorption

Answer 7

Simple columnar

Question 8

Epithelium found in respiratory system and male reproductive system

Answer 8

Pseudostratified epithelium

Question 9

Epithelium lining all areas continuous with epidermis ie lining of oral cavity, esophagus, anal canal, vagina, cornea and functions in protection from abrasion and irritation in moist locations.

Answer 9

Stratified squamous nonkeratinized

Question 10

Epithelium lining the epidermis of the skin and hard palate functions in protection from abrasion and irritation

Answer 10

Stratified squamous keratinized

Question 11

Epithelium lining the urinary system, functions in protection from urine

Answer 11

Transitional epithelium

Question 12

Areas changing from stratified type to simple

Answer 12

Stratified columnar or cuboidal

Question 13

Specialized extracellular fibrous sheet that attaches epithelial cells to connective tissue. _________ is a term used to describe the sheet when it is thick enough to be visible under light microscope.

Answer 13

Basal lamina, Basoment membrane

Question 14

Epithelial cells must be attached to the _______ to maintain normal function

Answer 14

Basal Lamina

Question 15

A layer made of Type IV collagen which is always present and secreted by epithelial cells.

Answer 15

Basal Lamina

Question 16

A layer which primarily contains Type III collagen fibrils continuous with the ECM of the connective tissue.

Answer 16

Reticular Lamina

Question 17

Alternate terms for microvilli

Answer 17

Striated border (small intestines)
Brush border (kidney nephron)
Stereocilia (male reproductive system)

Question 18

Stiff brush like structures composed of actin filaments

Answer 18

Microvilli

Question 19

Motile finger like structures composed of microtubules in a 9+2 doublet arrangement in the axoneme and 9 triplets in the basal body

Answer 19

Cilia

Question 20

Area of complete fusion between adjacent cell membranes. Functions to completely black passage of molecules between cells. Basis of blood tissue barriers.

Answer 20

Tight junction

Zonula occludens

Question 21

Dense area with actin filaments that completely encircles cell. Functions to anchor actin filaments to cell membrane. Stabilizes cytoskeleton.

Answer 21

Intermediate junction

Zonula adherens

Question 22

Keeps neighboring cells from pulling apart, strong cells to ell attachment.

Answer 22

Desmosomes

Macula adherens

Question 23

Attaches cell to basal lamina

Answer 23

Hemidesmosome

Question 24

Neighboring cell membranes form small channels or bridges between cells that permits movement of small molecules between cells.

Answer 24

Gap junction

Communicating nexus junction

Question 25

Epithelial cells specialized for secretion

Answer 25

Glandular epithelia

Question 26

Cells specialized to secrete onto an epithelial surface (free or apical surface)

Answer 26

Exocrine cells

Question 27

Cells specialized to secrete a product (hormone) into connective tissue where it enters capillaries.

Answer 27

Endocrine gland

Question 28

How do exocrine glands develop?

Answer 28

As down growths from surface epithelium

Question 29

Secretory vesicles discharge with little or no loss of apical cytoplasm

Answer 29

Merocrine (Eccrine)

Question 30

Secretory vesicles discharge with loss of some apical cytoplasm present in mammary, sweat, and anal glands.

Answer 30

Apocrine

Question 31

Secretory vesicles discharge with the whole cell explodes or disintegrates present in sebaceous glands

Answer 31

Holocrine

Question 32

Single duct

Answer 32

Simple gland

Question 33

Gland with more than one duct, and many branches

Answer 33

Compound gland

Question 34

Gland that secretes a watery, protein rich secretion. In the GI system, contain digestive enzymes.

Answer 34

Serious cells

Question 35

Glands that secrete slimy, viscous, lubricating glycoproteins

Answer 35

Mucous cells

Question 36

Basophilic cytoplasm with secretory granules and a visible nucleolus

Answer 36

Serous cell

Question 37

Light or empty appearing cytoplasm with a dark nucleus flattened at base of cell

Answer 37

Mucous cell

Question 38

Common type of mucous cell shaped like a water goblet typically identified as a space or bubble

Answer 38

Goblet cell

Question 39

Mixed gland with both serous and mucous cells usually contain a serous cell surround mucous called a “demilune”.

Answer 39

Seromucous glands

Question 40

The replacement of one fully differentiated cell type for another due to some stressful stimulus. Can be reversible if the stimulus is removed.

Answer 40

Metaplasia

Question 41

Abnormal maturation of the tissue, exhibited by alterations in size and shape of the cells and overall architecture of the tissue. Although possibly reversible, considered precancerous.

Answer 41

Dysplasia

Question 42

New uncontrolled proliferation of cells that can be classified as benign or malignant

Answer 42

Neoplasm

Question 43

3 features that classify a neoplasm as benign or malignant

Answer 43

1) degree of fidelity to precursor cells 2) rate of growth 3) ability to metastasize

Question 44

Localized growth that do not penetrate adjacent tissue borders, or metastasize to distant sites. As a rule, usually differentiated cells similar to their parents.

Answer 44

Benign tumors

Question 45

Neoplasms that have the ability to invade nearby tissues and metastasize to distant sites

Answer 45

Malignant neoplasms

Question 46

Neoplasm derived from embryonic tissue of all 3 germ layers

Answer 46

Teratomas

Question 47

Malignant neoplasms derived from mesenchyme, the embryonic CT

Answer 47

Sarcomas

Question 48

Suffix of benign vs malignant neoplasms

Answer 48

“-oma” “-sarcoma”

Question 50

Name benign and malignant name for neoplasm of the epithelium

Answer 50

Epithelioma, carcinoma

Question 51

Name benign and malignant name for neoplasm of the glandular epithelium

Answer 51

Adenoma, adenocarcinoma

Question 52

Name benign and malignant name for neoplasm of connective tissue

Answer 52

Fibromas, fibrosarcoma

Question 53

Name benign and malignant name for neoplasm of cartilage

Answer 53

Chondroma, chondrosarcoma

Question 54

Name benign and malignant name for neoplasm of bone

Answer 54

Osteoma, osteosarcoma

Question 55

If the abnormal cancer cells are restricted to the epithelium and are an above intact basal lamina, it is classified as

Answer 55

Carcinoma in situ

Question 56

The malignant cells attach to the basal lamina, secrete collagenases and other protease that dissolve the membrane, and invade the connective tissue, where they can break into blood or lymphatic vessels. Using these vessels, they can reach distant sites.

Answer 56

Metastasis

Question 57

Name benign and malignant name for neoplasm of glia in adult CNS

Answer 57

Glio, glioblastoma

Question 58

Microvilli and cilia May be present on what type of epithelium

Answer 58

Simple columnar, simple cuboidal, pseudostratified