Part 1: The Self in the SocialWorld Flashcards
(48 cards)
The belief that others are paying
more attention to our appearance and behavior than they really are.
spotlight effect
The illusion that our
concealed emotions leak out and can be easily read by
others
illusion of transparency
we notice how we differ and how others are reacting to our difference
Social surroundings affect our self-awareness
When problems arise in a close relationship, we usually blame our
partners instead of ourselves.
Self-interest colors our social judgment.
In hopes of making a positive impression, we agonize about our
appearance. We also monitor others’ behavior and expectations and
adjust our behavior accordingly
Self-concern motivates our social behavior
In our varied relationships, we have varying selves,
Social relationships help define our sense of self.
organizes our thoughts, feelings, and actions and enables us to remember our past, assess our present, and project our future — and thus to behave adaptively.
Self
What we know and believe about ourselves.
self-concept
a neuron path located in the
cleft between your brain hemispheres just behind your eyes,
seemingly helps stitch together your sense of self.
medial prefrontal cortex
specific beliefs by which you define yourself
self-schemas
Evaluating one’s opinions and abilities by comparing oneself with others.
Social comparison
was how sociologist Charles H. Cooley (1902) described our use of how we think others perceive us as a mirror for perceiving ourselves.
looking-glass self
refined this concept, noting that what matters for our self-concepts is not how others actually see us but the way we imagine they see us.
Herbert Mead (1934)
The concept of giving priority to one’s own goals over group goals and defining one’s identity in terms of personal attributes rather than group identifications.
Individualism
Constructing one’s identity as an
autonomous self.
independent self
Giving priority to the goals of one’s group (often one’s extended family or work group) and defining one’s
identity accordingly
collectivism
The idea of one is more common in individualistic cultures than in collectivistic ones
“true self”
acknowledges relationships with others.
independent self
more deeply embedded in others.
interdependent self
They persist more on tasks when they are failing, people in individualistic countries persist more when succeeding because success elevates self-esteem
Japanese
individualists like to make comparisons with others that boost their self-esteem
Western
collectivists make comparisons (often upward, with those doing better) in ways that facilitate self-improvement
Asian
admonished an ancient Greek oracle. We certainly try. We readily form beliefs about ourselves, and we in Western cultures don’t hesitate to explain why we feel and act as we do
Know Thyself
One of the most common errors in behavior
prediction is underestimating how long it will take to complete a
task
Planning fallacy
