part 1 - war of 1812, foreign policy, and nationalism Flashcards
(19 cards)
1
Q
Election of 1800 - what happened?
A
- Jeff & Burr tied
- Federalists both lost presidency and control of congress to DRs
- Midnight Judges = Judiciary act of 1801
2
Q
Election of 1800 - effects / so what?
A
- 12th Amendment - differentiates between President and VP
- Sets precedent of peaceful transition of power
- “Jeffersonian Revolution”
- Precedent → Judicial Review
3
Q
What did the Democratic Republicans do with the national bank in 1811 and 1816?
A
- 1811: Jefferson and Democratic Republican Congress refused to renew it in 1811
- 1816: Brought the National Bank back as a part of the “American System” (This was done by the National Republicans)
4
Q
What was the Judiciary Act of 1801?
A
- John Adams signed this act the night before leaving office
- Expanded # of federal judges
- “Midnight Judges” = Federalist judges appointed by Adams
5
Q
What was the Marbury v. Madison case? Why was this important?
A
- Supreme Court Chief Justice = John Marshall = Federalist!!
- Secretary of state (under Jefferson administration) - James Madison - refused to deliver Marbury’s papers that Adams left before he left office for him to become a judge on the Supreme Court
- Marshall said he could do nothing about this
- Important b/c this set the precedent that Supreme Court could decide whether laws are constitutional or not (Judiciary Act)
6
Q
McCullough v Maryland
A
- A Marshall Court decision
- determined that no state can control an agency of the federal government
- strengthened the federal authority.
7
Q
Gibbons v Ogden
A
- said that the Congress had the power to regulate navigation under the commerce clause
- gave the federal govt more power and control over the economy
8
Q
about the Louisiana Purchase and Lewis & Clark Expeditition
A
- Monroe and Livingston offered France 6 million for New Orleans
- b/c of French Revolution, Napolean wanted MONEY
- sold whole middle third of land to USA for 15 million - 1803
- Jefferson sent Lewis and Clark to report on Spanish and French military power in the new land
9
Q
about War of 1812 - card 1/5
which president adminstrations did this war develop through?
A
- through Jefferson presidency - British and French navies threatened USA
- during James Madison presidency - War of 1812 happened
10
Q
about war of 1812 - card 2/5
what was the conflict between American, British, and French navies?
A
- British Royal Navy controlled the oceans - very powerful - main threat to USA
- USA and Britain = never really at peace
- continued controversy in usa about french vs britain
- french = extremely powerful on European main land (with their army)
- Britain began impressing sailors from American ships => BAD for freedom of americans and economy of america
11
Q
war of 1812 - card 3/5
what was the Embargo Act? what was the non-intercourse act? why were they implemented?
A
- B/c of Jefferson cutting down the federal government and navy, USA was too weak to fight in war
- Embargo Act - prohibited American ships from leaving for any foreign port
- ppl were losing money in America!!
- Non-Intercourse Act - no trade with Britain and France (they could trade with other countries, though)
12
Q
war of 1812 - card 4/5
conflict between Indians and USA on the frontier?? what was it?
talk about Tecumseh and Tippecanoe
A
- conflict between Indians and USA @ Ohio
- conflicts continued increasing
- Battle of Tippecanoe: William Henry Harrison attacked Prophetstown w/ 1000 US troops - burned village to the ground
- Tecumseh (aided by British) recruited other Indians for war
- became a major threat to USA when USA went to war w Britain
13
Q
war of 1812 - card 5/5
how did the war of 1812 end?
A
- James Madison (president at that time) - hesitant for war
- June 1812 - declared war
- war went on
- Henry Clay, Albert Gallatin, and John Quincy Adams (USA Delegates) met w/ British delegates and signed the Treaty of Ghent to end the war of 1812
14
Q
what was the hartford convention?
A
- New England Federalists - upset with increasing territory - meant more Democratic Republicans in congress
- held the Hartford Convention - threatened to leave the Union if there was no peace in the war of 1812 (this happened before the Treaty of Ghent was signed)
- wasn’t really that significant - Federalists weren’t that influential anymore
15
Q
what was the era of good feelings? why was there so much nationalism?
A
- the end of the War of 1812 brought a sense of national pride
- political harmony (no more Federalists) – to an extent - it was still divided!! but it was more united than before
- Euphoria after decades of fear and polityical strife
- turning point with native Americans
- jackson becomes a national hero because of the Battle of New Orleans
16
Q
what was Henry Clay’s American System?
A
- proposed system for economic unity
- 1) Transportation - to be improved to promote trade between regions (roads, canals, bridges)
- 2) revenue - tariffs!! (taxes on imports)
- 3) Federal Bank of United States
17
Q
why was the American System controversial? which group was supporting this? what was the Bonus Bill?
A
- began adopting more Federalist type measures post war of 1812
- Tarrifs brought a lot more controversy b/c southern economy suffered:
- forced to buy goods made in USA due to increased prices on imports; other nations did not want to trade with them for cotton anymore – economy went down
- group supporting it: still Democratic Republicans, but more specifically known as National Republicans (so there WAS a divide in politics still !!)
- Bonus Bill - provided for the use of Federal funds to finance the building of roads and canals
- Madison vetoed this bill - went against the strict interpretation of the constitution
18
Q
what was the Adams-Onis Treaty? how did it come about?
A
- Jackson’s army went into Florida
- Spain said USA couldn’t interfere with the revolts in other Spanish colonies
- Adams-Onis treaty came about - ceded Florida to America, but USA had to stay out of other Spanish affairs
19
Q
what was the Monroe Doctrine? how did it come about?
A
- USA wanted to trade with newly formed countries in South America (former Spanish colonies)
- Monroe Doctrne was released
- this said that North and South America is closed off to European Colonization - they CANNOT interfere at all in internal affairs of any western nations (north and south America)
- MUCH more assertive foreign policy
