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Mango Notes > Part 2 (151-300) > Flashcards

Part 2 (151-300) Flashcards

(73 cards)

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1
Q

Values must be similar for a solution to be considered isotonic with blood

A

osmotic pressure

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2
Q

HYPERTONIC solutions may cause

A

crenation (shrink)

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3
Q

Sodium chloride equivalents are used to estimate the amount of sodium chloride needed to render a solution isotonic. The sodium chloride equivalent or “E” value may be defined as

A

amt of Na equivalent to 1g of solt

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4
Q

Reference source has the most extensive listings of sodium chloride equivalents and freezing point depression values

A

Remington

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5
Q

Second method commonly used for adjusting solutions to isotonicity is based on

A

freezing point depression

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6
Q

All aqueous solutions that freeze at ~0.52C are isotonic with RBCs. They are also iso-osmotic with each other.

A

first false; second true

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7
Q

Capacity of human eye for instilled
ophthalmic drops is approximately

A

0.01 to 0.05 mL

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8
Q

Included in ophthalmic viscosity builders EXCEPT

A

veegum

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9
Q

Main reason for including methylcellulose and similar agents in ophthalmic solutions

A

increase ocular contact time

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10
Q

Presence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa would be of particular danger in ophthalmic solution of

A

fluorescein Na

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11
Q

Microorganism that has resulted in ophthalmic infections in patients using contact lens solution

A

Acanthamoeba

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12
Q

Combination of preservatives that appears to be most effective for ophthalmic use consists of

A

Benzalkonium Cl

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13
Q

Ingredients may be present in soft contact lens cleaning products to remove protein buildup

A

substilisin, papain

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14
Q

Presence of sodium bisulfite in a drug
solution implies that the drug

A

susceptible to oxidation

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15
Q

Side effect occurs in some individuals who are sensitive to bisulfites

A

difficulty in breathing

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16
Q

Sterilization by membrane filtration of an extemporaneously prepared solution

A

for heat labile drugs; for sterilizing small vol

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17
Q

Methods suitable for eye clinic to sterilize 15mL of a heat stable solution packaged in glass bottles

A

steam autoclaving, membrane filtration

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18
Q

Prime reason pharmaceutical companies utilize a lyophilized powder in a parenteral vial

A

increased stability

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19
Q

Ingredient may be included in lyophilized products as bulking agent

A

mannitol

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20
Q

Benzyl alcohol is present in some parenteral solution as

A

antimicrobial preservative

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21
Q

pH is mathematically

A

-logH+

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22
Q

Data required to determine the pH of a buffer system

A

Molar conc & pka of weak acid

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23
Q

pH is equal to pKa at

A

half-neutralization pt

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24
Q

Greatest degree of ionization in water

A

Hydrochloric acid

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25
Weakest (least ionization) in water
Boric acid
26
To prepare a buffer system with the greatest buffer capacity at pH of 4, one would use
lactic acid
27
Drugs intended for formulation into sustained-release dosage forms
for chronic cond, high therapeutic index
28
Best candidates for oral-sustained release formulations
w/ half life 4-8hrs
29
Trademarked sustained-release systems based on encapsulated drug particles that will dissolve at various rates
sequels, spansules
30
USP established requirements for the amount of active ingredient in dosage forms. Unless otherwise specified in the monograph, the extreme lowest limit below labeled claim allowed for an active ingredient in capsules
30%
31
Drug products that utilize the osmotic pressure controlled drug delivery system
Procardia XL; Glucotrol XL
32
Drug products are suitable for sprinkling the contents of the opened capsule onto applesauce before consuming
Depakote; Effexor XR
33
According to USP, instruction “protect from light” in monograph indicates
store in light resistant containers
34
Label for trazodone tablets indicates the presence of yellow ferric oxide. Reason this ingredient is most likely to be present
give color to tab
35
Expiration date on the pharmaceutical container states “expires July 2009.” This statement means that by that expiration date, the product may have lost
Sufficient activity to be outside USP monograph requirements
36
Pharmacist has reconstituted a powder dosage form to form a solution. Statement concerning a beyond-date is appropriate when determining an expiration date for this product
Beyond-use date for nonsolid dosage forms shall not be greater than 1 year from the date of dispensing
37
Reconstituted drug solution assays at 1.5mg/mL after 24 h. First-order reaction rate if the original solution concentration was 2mg/mL
0.25/day or 25%
38
By storing the above-reconstituted drug solution in the refrigerator, its half-life is extended to 4 days. The concentration of the drug solution (mg/mL) after 12 days
0.25 mg/mL
39
Denaturation is a major stability problem
Proteins
40
Chemicals suitable for use as antioxidant EXCEPT
chlorobutanol
41
Units for expressing radioisotope decay
curie, becquerel
42
Decay of radioactive atoms
as first-order reax
43
Radiation has the greatest penetrating power
gamma rad
44
Widely used radioisotopes considered to be an almost ideal isotope for medical applications and is commercially available as radioisotope generator
Tc 99m
45
Radioisotope generator
Ion-exchange column on which nuclide has been adsorbed
46
Cough syrup is labeled containing 20% alcohol by volume.
20mL of alcohol in 100mL of syrup; 40 proof
47
Included in topical formulas as sunscreens
Benzophenones, cinnamates
48
Fair-skinned client claims that he normally begins to sunburn in approximately 30 min when exposed to midday sun. Maximum length of protection could he expect using a sun lotion with sun protection factor of 12
4 to 6 hrs
49
Vehicles for nasal protection EXCEPT
High buffer capacity
50
Difference between Senokot-S and Senokot
Senokot-S contains docusate plus senna
51
OTC product that may relieve a child’s sour and upset stomach is Children’s Pepto
Active ingredient is calcium carbonate
52
Nonprescription drug products useful for weight reduction
Alli (Orlistat/Xenical)
53
Herbal products intended for topical use
Aloe vera, tea tree oil
54
SAMe has been advocated for
Antidepressant (S-adenosylmethionine)
55
Eleutherococcus most closely related
Ginseng
56
Feverfew extract
Prevent migraines
57
Herbal products may be useful for a 45 year-old who is experiencing hot flashes
Black cohosh
58
Herbal interfering with the activity of oral birth control tablets
ST. JOHN’S WORT; Reduction in effectiveness of birth control
59
Nonprescription drug combination containing glucosamine to prevent/treat
Joint pain
60
Standard methods for extracting active ingredients from crude herbals
Maceration, percolation
61
NOT reported as having effect on blood coagulation
Echinacea (for respiratory tract infections)
62
Herbal exhibiting effect on blood coagulation
Garlic, ginseng, ginkgo, St. John’s wort
63
Discourage patient from using this herbal
Comfrey (hepatotoxic)
64
Herbal with hepatoprotective effects
Milk thistle
65
To treat inflammation and boils
Ichthammol 10%
66
An astringent/protective
Calamine 10%
67
To treat a wart on the finger
Salicylic acid 17%
68
To treat a mild case of psoriasis
Coal tar 2%
69
Extension of needle that fits onto the syringe
Hub
70
Portion of needle that is ground for sharpness
Bevel
71
Shaft portion of the needle
cannula
72
Hole in the needle
Lumen (bore)
73
Solvents for parenteral dosage EXCEPT
parenteral

Mango Notes (2 decks)

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