Part 2

Question 1

Which two arteries supply the brain with blood?

Answer 1

1. Carotis interna - from aorta through the skull bone

2. Vertebralis - from the arm, passes the vertebrae and reach the brain through the spinal cord

Question 2

What is the large vein in the neck called?

Answer 2

Jugularis

Question 3

What does the PNS do?

Answer 3

It connects CNS to the limbs and the organs

Question 4

Which types of nerves does the PNS contains of?

Answer 4

1. Spinal nerves

2. Cranial nerves

Question 5

The spinal nerves are of two type, which?

Answer 5

1. Motoric - from the brain

2. Sensoric - to the brain

Question 6

How many pair of spinal vs cranial nerve exists?

Answer 6

31 vs 12

Question 7

Which part of the brain is “the boss” of ANS?

Answer 7

Hypothalamus

Question 8

The ANS is divided in two parts, which?

Answer 8

1. Sympathetic – fight-flight

2. Parasympathetic – energy saving and recharging, e.g. after a meal.

Question 9

Which are the general senses (somatosensory)?

Answer 9

1. Tactile
2. Thermal
3. Pain
4. Proprioception
5. Visceral

Question 10

Which are the special senses?

Answer 10

1. Taste
2. Smell
3. Vision
4. Hearing
5. Balance

Question 11

Which 6 types of sensory receptors does the human have?

Answer 11

1. Mechanoreceptors - Mechanical pressure, vibration, proprioception
2. Thermoreceptors - Changes in temperature
3. Nociceptors - Painreceptors, respond to physical or chemical damage to tissue
4. Photoreceptors - Detect light that meets the retina of the eye
5. Chemoreceptors - Detect chemicals in the mouth (taste), nose (smell) and body fluids.
6. Osmoreceptors - Sense osmotic pressure in body fluids

Question 12

Which type of fiber corresponds to slow vs fast pain?

Answer 12

C-fibers vs Adelta-fibers

Question 13

What does adaption (regarding sensation) means?

Answer 13

Decrease in the strength of a sensation during a prolonged stimulus, ex. hot shower

Question 14

What can be the reasons for myopia (nearsightedness)?

Answer 14

1. The eye is too long

2. The lens too strong

Question 15

Which type of lens do you need to have if you have myopia (nearsightedness)?

Answer 15

Concave

Question 16

What can be the reasons for hyperopia (farsightedness)?

Answer 16

1. The eye is too short

2. The lens is too weak

Question 17

Which type of lens do you need to have if you have hyperopia (farsightedness)?

Answer 17

Convex

Question 18

What is the hearing pathway?

Answer 18

1. CNVIII
2. Brainstem
3. Auditory cortex (in temporal lobe)

Question 19

Which four cell types consist in epidermis?

Answer 19

1. Keratinocytes
2. Melanocytes
3. Langerhans’ cells
4. Merkel cells

Question 20

Dermis contains two layers, which?

Answer 20

1. Papillary layer

2. Reticular layer

Question 21

Which are the major skin cancer types?

Answer 21

1. Basal cell carcinoma
2. Squamous cell carcinoma
3. Melanoma

Question 22

What is needed to Bioprint?

Answer 22

1. 3D Bioprinter
2. Bioink
3. Cells

Question 23

How long is a normal pregancy?

Answer 23

40 weeks (280 days)

Question 24

What does gestational age means?

Answer 24

From date of last menstrual period (fertilization + 2 weeks)

Question 25

What does fertilization age means?

Answer 25

From date of conception

Question 26

What are the important events during a pregnancy?

Answer 26

1. Fertilization 2. Blastulation 3. Implantation 4. Gastrulation 5. Embryonic folding 6. Fetal period 7. Birth

Question 27

Which are the stages of labor?

Answer 27

1. Dilation stage 2. Expulsion stage 3. Placental stage

Question 28

The spinal nerve consists of two different roots, which?

Answer 28

1. Ventral root - efferent (from CNS) | 2. Dorsal root - afferent (to CNS)

Question 29

Which are the different types of hearing loss?

Answer 29

1. Conductive loss - outer and middle ear 2. Sensorineural loss - inner ear and auditory nerve 3. Mixed loss - mix of conductive and sensorineural loss 4. Central loss - nerve system of brain stem or brain 5. Non-organic loss - no anatomical or physiological loss can be shown despite hearing loss

Question 30

When use an Air Conduction Hearing Aid?

Answer 30

1. Sensorineural loss | 2. Presbyacusis (age related loss)

Question 31

When use an Bone Conduction Hearing Aid?

Answer 31

1. Conductive loss | 2. Mixed loss

Question 32

Which five different types of hearing aids exists?

Answer 32

1. Air conduction device (ACD) 2. Bone conduction device (BCD) 3. Middle ear implants (MEI) 4. Cochlear implants (CI) 5. Auditory brainstem implants (ABI)

Question 33

Which are two common dialysis methods?

Answer 33

1. Hemodialysis | 2. CAPD - Continous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis

Question 34

Which are the main proteins in the protein buffer system?

Answer 34

1. Hemoglobin - within the red blood cells | 2. Albumin - in plasma