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Organic chemistry > Part 2 > Flashcards

Part 2 Flashcards

(49 cards)

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1
Q

SN1 order of reacitivity

A

3>2>1*>methylation

2 steps mechanism

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2
Q

Solvent for SN1 mechanism

A

Polar protic solvent

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3
Q

SN2 order of reacitivity

A

Methyl>1>2>3*

*(one step mechanism)

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4
Q

Difference between polar protic and polar aprotic

A

Polar protic are capable of H-bonding, polar aprotic are incapable

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5
Q

Classify each solvent as protic/aprotic

A. HOCH2CH2OH
B. CH3CH2OCH2CH3
C. CH3COOCH2CH3

A

A. Protic
B. Aprotic
C. Aprotic

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6
Q

Trend for good leaving group

A

\
\/

Ex.
CH3CH2Cl vs CH3CH2I
CH3CH2I is better LG

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7
Q

Major component of rubbing alcocohol

A

2-propanol

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8
Q

Ethylene glycol is for

A

Anti-freeze

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9
Q

Alkenes are also called

A

Olefins

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10
Q

Degree of unsaturation formula

A

P=(2 + 2C + N -H -X)/2

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11
Q

As the number of double bond _____, MELTING point decreases

A

Increases

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12
Q

Difference between E and Z isomer

A

E isomer - has two higher priority groups on the opposite sides

Z isomer - has two higher priority groups on the same sides

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13
Q

Measures molecular weight of compound and allows prediction of molecular formula

A

Mass spectrometry

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14
Q

This method gives the functional group

A

IR spectroscopy

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15
Q

NMR spectroscopy

A

Provides the electronic environment of a compound and types of proton

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16
Q

Benzene is first isolated by

A

Michael Faraday

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17
Q

Degree of unsaturation of benzene

A

4

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18
Q

Four criteria for aromaticity

A
  1. Cyclic
  2. Planar
  3. Completely conjugated (alternating pi bonds)
  4. Huckels rule
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19
Q

Huckels rule formula

A

4n + 2 = pi electrons

n should be 0, 1, 2 and so forth

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20
Q

Most abundant aldoses

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A

D-glucose and D- galactose

21
Q

Most abundant dissacharides

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A

Maltose, lactose, sucrose

22
Q

Maltose is formed by

Study These Flashcards
A

2 glucose

Reducing sugar

23
Q

Lactose is formed by

Study These Flashcards
A

Galactose and glucose

Reducing sugar

24
Q

Found in the sugar cane and use as a table sugar

25
Sucrose is formed by
Glucose and fructose Non-reducing sugar
26
Three polysaccharide in nature
Cellulose, starch, and glycogen
27
Difference of cellulose, starch, glycogen
Cellulose-found in cell walls of nearly all plants (subunit:beta glucose) Starch-main carbohydrate found in seeds and roots Glycogen-major form of polysaccharide stored in animals
28
Second most abundant carbohydrate polymer
Chitin
29
Amino acid with no stereogenic center
Glycine
30
Differentiate L-amino acid and D-amino Acid
L- amino : naturally occuring | D - amino : rarely found in nature
31
All amino acids except _____ have the S configuration
Cysteine
32
Amino acids in protein is joined together by
Peptide or amide bond
33
Difference of primary, secondat and tertiary structure of protein
Primary - sequence of amino acid Secondary - alpha helix or beta pleated sheer Tertiary - 3D shape adopted by the entire peptide chain
34
20% of starch
Amylose
35
80% of starch
Amylopectin
36
Starch component which has alpha 1-4
Amylose
37
Starch component which has alpha 1-4 and alpha 1-6
Amylopectin
38
Builiding blocks of DNA
Deoxyribonucleotides
39
2 categories of lipids
Hydrolyzable and non-hydrolyzable
40
Hydrolyzable lipids (3)
- Waxes - triaglycerols - phospholipids
41
Non-hydrolyzable lipids
-fat soluble vitamins -eicosanoids -steriods -terpenes FEST
42
Difference of hydrolyzable and non-hydrolyzable
Hydrolyzable-can be cleaved into smaller molecules by hydrolysis with H2O Non-hydrolyzable - vice versa
43
Polymer plastic (1-7)
1. PET 2. HDPE 3. PVC 4. LDPE 5. PP 6. PS 7. Others
44
Complex network of cross-linked polymers and cannot be remelted from a liquid phase
Thermosetting
45
Tautomers
Differ in location of double bond and hydrogen
46
What is epimer
Diastereoisomers that differ in one stereogenic center only
47
What is an anomer
Differ in the hemiacetal OH
48
Difference between covalent bond and ionic bond
Covalent bond - bond between two non-metals. Lower BP and MP Ionic bond - bond between a metal and a non-metal
49
Define Markovnikoff's rule
The hallogens attaches to the carbon that is kore alkyl substituted thus producing a jihjer order alkyl halide

Organic chemistry (4 decks)

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