part 2

Question 1

In psychology what is said about data which can taken into an account

Answer 1

• In psychology, data that is numerical but whose values repeat and can be grouped into an a count is called quantitative data
• in stats data that isn’t numerical but whose values repeat and can be grouped into an a count is called qualitative data

Question 2

what two forms does quantitative data come in

Answer 2

Quantitative data comes in two forms:

• Data with numerical values, for instance the number of patients (B) and anxiety ratings on a 5-point scale (F).
• Non-numerical data whose values repeat so can be grouped and counted up, for instance mental health conditions (C) and biological sex (G).

Question 3

In statistics, blood group (A, B, AB, O) is classified as qualitative data. Explain why psychologists consider it to be quantitative.

Answer 3

Although blood group isn’t numerical, it can be classified into groups (A, B, AB, O) and the number of people in each group can be counted up.

Question 4

A psychologist is interested in how the ability to recall dreams changes with age. She asks 20 participants to keep a record of their dreams in a journal for a week, then collects their notes.

Question 5. Give an example of some quantitative data the psychologist could also collect.

Answer 4

The number of dreams participants remember in a week, the number of days participants record having no dreams, the number of positive versus negative dreams, the number of words participants use to record their dreams, the number of adjustives used to describe dreams, the number of dreams recalled each night.

Question 5

what are frequency tables

Answer 5

A table with the categories in the first column and the frequency count for each category in the second column is called a frequency table.

Question 6

what is nominal and ordinal data

Answer 6

Nominal data exist in categories with no natural order, such as favourite paintings and lunch options.
Ordinal data exist in categories with a natural order, such as finishing positions in a race and rankings on a scale.

Question 7

what is ratio data

Answer 7

data that takes on number values, from which we can tell exactly how much bigger one value is than another

Question 8

difference between interval and ratio data

Answer 8

i- can go below zero, qualitative data

r- cant go below zero, quantitative

Question 9

what is discrete and continuous data

Answer 9

two types of quantitative data
d- restricted to just certain numbers ie no. siblings
c- not restricted to certain numbers ie height

Question 10

what type of data can be continuous

Answer 10

ratio and interval

Question 11

what type of data can be discrete

Answer 11

nominal, ordinal, ratio, interval.

Question 12

what does the x and y axis display on a frequency graph

Answer 12

x - continuous data

y- frequency count

Question 13

what does normally distributed data look like

Answer 13

A curve that is symmetrical around the middle and shaped like a bell curve

Question 14

how to create a frequency table

Answer 14

To produce a frequency table, we categorise the data into groups (i.e. number of words remembered) and count up the number of participants in each group. For example, there are 3 participants who remembered
6 words.

Question 15

how is skewed data distributed

Answer 15

asymmetrically

when data isnt symmetrically distrubuted around the middle we say that it is skewed

Question 16

what is a positive skew

Answer 16

• data is centred to the left

- has a long tail on the right

Question 17

what is a negative skew

Answer 17

• data centred to the right

- has a long tail on the left

Question 18

what are histograms

Answer 18

Histograms are graphs that represent frequency counts or frequency for continuous data that has been grouped into categories.

Question 19

frequency graphs show the distribution of what type of data

Answer 19

continuous

non grouped

Question 20

bar chart

Answer 20

Bar charts display frequency counts for discrete data, which may or may not be grouped. There must be gaps between the bars to show that the data is not continuous.

Question 21

what is the central tendency

Answer 21

where the middle of the distribution is

Question 22

two important features of distribution

Answer 22

CT- tells us where the centre of the distribution is located
dispersion - tells us how spread out the distribution is

Question 23

what does the spread refer to

Answer 23

Spread refers to the data points, not the frequency.

Question 24

How are the values of mode medium and mean with a a normal distribution

Answer 24

they are all the samev

Question 25

how are the values of the mode, median and mean are all with a positive skew

Answer 25

the same

Question 26

how are the values of the mode, median and mean are all with a negative skew

Answer 26

different

Question 27

where is the mode, median and mean located on a positively/negatively skewed graph

Answer 27

For a distribution with a negative skew, the median is to the left of the mode, and the mean is to the left of the median.

If the distribution had a positive skew, the median would be to the right of the mode, and the mean would be to the right of the median.

Question 28

where are the mode mean and median located in a normal distribution

Answer 28

same place

Question 29

How can measure the dispersion of distribution

Answer 29

by calculating the range

Question 30

what is standard deviation

Answer 30

a measure of how spread the data points are from the mean

Question 31

what does a bigger standard deviation mean

Answer 31

the further away, on average, the data points are from the mean

Question 32

what does a bigger range mean

Answer 32

lowest and highest values in the data set are further apart

Question 33

how to calculate standard deviation

Answer 33

1, find the mean of the set of data

2. subtract the mean calculated in step 1 from each individual data point
3. square the value calculated in step 2
4. find mean of squared values in step 3
5. find the square root of the value found in step 4

Question 34

dispersion

Answer 34

tells us how spread out the distribution is

Question 35

mode

Answer 35

most frequently occurring value, measures central tendency of data

Question 36

how to work out mode in a set of data/ collumn

Answer 36

find the highest frequency number and then pick the number next to it in the next column. This is the mode
we do this when there is not more than 1 set of data also when the more than 1 set of data is lower than the method used above

Question 37

range

Answer 37

A measure of dispersion

Question 38

how to calculate range

Answer 38

in frequency graph take the biggest away from the smallest on the graph text to the f graph
on a distribution take the biggest from the smallest

Question 39

facts about modes

Answer 39

mode is not always centre of distribution

multiple peaks means multiple modes

Question 40

mean

Answer 40

The sum of all values in the data, divided by the number of values

Question 41

Median

Answer 41

value that splits the data in half

Question 42

how to calculate median

Answer 42

• rearrange values highest to lowest

- the number in the middle is the median

Question 43

where is the mode located in a distribution

Answer 43

at the peak

Question 44

where are the mode, mean and medium located in normal distribution

Answer 44

all the same value found at the peak