part 2 Flashcards
(44 cards)
In psychology what is said about data which can taken into an account
- In psychology, data that is numerical but whose values repeat and can be grouped into an a count is called quantitative data
- in stats data that isn’t numerical but whose values repeat and can be grouped into an a count is called qualitative data
what two forms does quantitative data come in
Quantitative data comes in two forms:
- Data with numerical values, for instance the number of patients (B) and anxiety ratings on a 5-point scale (F).
- Non-numerical data whose values repeat so can be grouped and counted up, for instance mental health conditions (C) and biological sex (G).
In statistics, blood group (A, B, AB, O) is classified as qualitative data. Explain why psychologists consider it to be quantitative.
Although blood group isn’t numerical, it can be classified into groups (A, B, AB, O) and the number of people in each group can be counted up.
A psychologist is interested in how the ability to recall dreams changes with age. She asks 20 participants to keep a record of their dreams in a journal for a week, then collects their notes.
Question 5. Give an example of some quantitative data the psychologist could also collect.
The number of dreams participants remember in a week, the number of days participants record having no dreams, the number of positive versus negative dreams, the number of words participants use to record their dreams, the number of adjustives used to describe dreams, the number of dreams recalled each night.
what are frequency tables
A table with the categories in the first column and the frequency count for each category in the second column is called a frequency table.
what is nominal and ordinal data
Nominal data exist in categories with no natural order, such as favourite paintings and lunch options.
Ordinal data exist in categories with a natural order, such as finishing positions in a race and rankings on a scale.
what is ratio data
data that takes on number values, from which we can tell exactly how much bigger one value is than another
difference between interval and ratio data
i- can go below zero, qualitative data
r- cant go below zero, quantitative
what is discrete and continuous data
two types of quantitative data
d- restricted to just certain numbers ie no. siblings
c- not restricted to certain numbers ie height
what type of data can be continuous
ratio and interval
what type of data can be discrete
nominal, ordinal, ratio, interval.
what does the x and y axis display on a frequency graph
x - continuous data
y- frequency count
what does normally distributed data look like
A curve that is symmetrical around the middle and shaped like a bell curve
how to create a frequency table
To produce a frequency table, we categorise the data into groups (i.e. number of words remembered) and count up the number of participants in each group. For example, there are 3 participants who remembered
6 words.
how is skewed data distributed
asymmetrically
when data isnt symmetrically distrubuted around the middle we say that it is skewed
what is a positive skew
- data is centred to the left
- has a long tail on the right
what is a negative skew
- data centred to the right
- has a long tail on the left
what are histograms
Histograms are graphs that represent frequency counts or frequency for continuous data that has been grouped into categories.
frequency graphs show the distribution of what type of data
continuous
non grouped
bar chart
Bar charts display frequency counts for discrete data, which may or may not be grouped. There must be gaps between the bars to show that the data is not continuous.
what is the central tendency
where the middle of the distribution is
two important features of distribution
CT- tells us where the centre of the distribution is located
dispersion - tells us how spread out the distribution is
what does the spread refer to
Spread refers to the data points, not the frequency.
How are the values of mode medium and mean with a a normal distribution
they are all the samev
