part 2 middle ages

Question 1

Origins of western music

• greece
• rome

Answer 1

• music in plays and doctrine of ethos

- military ceremonial music

Question 2

The middle/dark ages

• dates
• early middle ages
• europe

Answer 2

• 450-1450
• fall of rome 476 AD - 1000 AD
• no strong central authority

Question 3

Late middle ages

• date
• 7 things emerged

Answer 3

• 1000-1450
• 1. cathedrals
     
     2. chivalry
     3. universities
     4. music notation
     5. polyphony
     6. black death
     7. crusades

Question 4

2 types of music that emerged in the middle ages

Answer 4

1. sacred music

2. secular music

Question 5

gregorian chant

• official music of
• used in 2 services
• texture
• language
• used

Answer 5

• the church
• mass and office
• monophonic
• latin
• church modes

Question 6

church modes are different from

Answer 6

major and minor scales

Question 7

Pope Gregory the Great

• what did he do
• when were the chants composed

Answer 7

reorganized the liturgy during his reign (590-604)

-after he died (600-1300)

Question 8

5 parts of the mass

Answer 8

1. Kyrie (lord have mercy)
2. Gloria (glory to god)
3. Credo (creed)
4. Sanctus (holy, holy)
5. agnus dei (lamb of god)

Question 9

when was sung Alleluia

Answer 9

during special feast days

Question 10

Hildegard of Bingens’s

• who was Hildegard
• women were not allowed to

Answer 10

• german nun (1098 - 1179) who wrote many monophonic songs and morality plays
• sing in church but nuns allowed in convents

Question 11

Sacred music

-3 examples

Answer 11

1. Gregorian chant (monophony)
2. Organum (simple polyphony)
3. school of notre dame (measured rhythm)

Question 12

Organum and birth of the polyphony

Answer 12

gregorian chant + 1, 2, or 3 melodies

Question 13

The school of notre dame

• type of architecture
• texture
• type of rhythm

Answer 13

• gothic (pointed arch)
• polyphony
• measured

Question 14

secular music

• 2 things
• century
• what happened in that century
• what did it result in

Answer 14

• crusades and chivalry
• 14th
• Hundred years’ war and black death
• weakened church and feudal system

Question 15

secular music

• poet musicians S. and N. France
• Jongleurs
• estampie

Answer 15

• Troubadours (S France)
• Trouveres (N France)
• Minstrels
• dance in triple meter

Question 16

Music in the middle ages

• texture
• harmony
• notation
• rhythm
• later: rise of

Answer 16

• Monophony (chant) to polyphony (organum, school of notre dame, poly phonic mass)
• church modes/scales
• pitch, later emerged with rhythm
• from free to measured rhythm
• secular music

Question 17

the renaissance

-focuses on 6 things

Answer 17

1. Humanism
2. Classical (greek/rome) art and mythology - the body
3. florence, the medicis, the arts
4. Exploring the world
5. Protestant reformation
6. printing

Question 18

Sacred music: Mass

• music director at St. Peter’s
• Counter reformation
• Council of trent

Answer 18

• Palestrina
• composed 104 masses and 450 other sacred works
• music lost its purity so Palestrina to the rescue

Question 19

council of trent

-example

Answer 19

Kyrie, from Pope Marcellus Mass

Question 20

Kyrie

• how many voices
• texture
• type of rhythm

Answer 20

• 6 - fuller sound
• polyphonic
• measured rhythm

Question 21

Musical life

• from church to
• what could the rich afford
• centers

Answer 21

• courts; music director: court and entertainment chapel, female virtuoso court singers
• music education
• flanders and italy

Question 22

Secular music

-example

Answer 22

Madrigal

Question 23

Madrigal

• definition
• word painting
• textures
• began in
• how many voices
• to honor who

Answer 23

• for several solo voices set to a short poem
• musical illustration of a text
• homophonic and polyphonic textures
• italy
• 6 voices
• queen elizabeth

Question 24

Secular music: lute songs

• example
• texture

Answer 24

• flow my tears

- homophonic

Question 25

Musical features: genres | -3

Answer 25

1. Mass 2. Madrigal 3. Lute song

Question 26

Mass example

Answer 26

Palestrina's Pope Marcellus Mass

Question 27

Madrigal example

Answer 27

Weelkes' As Vesta Was Descending

Question 28

Lute song example

Answer 28

Flow My Tears

Question 29

Muscial features: texture | -2 types

Answer 29

1. Mainly polyphonic (especially imitation) with 4-6 voices | 2. Homophonic in dances, lute songs

Question 30

Musical features: rhythm

Answer 30

gentle flow, more measured