Part 2 - Reactivity Of Metals

Question 1

Define the term reactivity?

Answer 1

Reactivity refers to the tendency of a chemical to react with other chemicals

Question 2

How is the periodic table grouped? And how are these arranged in the periodic table?

Answer 2

It is grouped in a vertical column

In which there are elements with common chemical properties

Question 3

Name 2 other elements that are in the same group as sodium in the periodic table?

Answer 3

Lithium (Li)
Potassium (K)
Rubidium (Rob)
Caesium (Cs)
Francium (Fr)

Question 4

What is the ‘period’ in a periodic table? And what is the general trend or change of a property as it goes along the table?

Answer 4

A horizontal row.
There is a general trend or change of property along a period

It increases as you go across a period from left to right

E.g. Electronegativity

Question 5

What is electronegativity?

Answer 5

The tendency of an atom to attract the electrons of a bond towards itself

Question 6

Which element is more electromagnetic, sodium or chlorine?

Answer 6

Both elements are in period 3
Chlorine is in group 17 and has greater electronegativity than sodium; chlorine has a greater tendency to attract the bonding electrons than sodium

Question 7

What are metalloids?

Answer 7

Elements which have properties in between those of metals and non - metals

Question 8

How many metalloids are there in the periodic table?

Answer 8

6

Boron (B)
Silicon (Si)
Germanium (Ge)
Arsenic (As)
Antimony (Sb)
Tellurium (Te)

They are clustered in a narrow diagonal band between metals and non metals

Question 9

What is the atomic number of an element?

Answer 9

The atomic number of an element is the number of protons in the atom

Question 10

How many electrons are there in an atom?

Answer 10

The number of electrons is equal to the number of protons

Question 11

What is electron configuration? I’m

Answer 11

It is the arrangement of electrons in shells around the nucleus
It is how atoms of different elements interact chemically

Question 12

In terms of energy how are electrons arranged around a nucleus?

Answer 12

The innermost shell has the lowest energy and fills first.

When the shell is full, the electrons start to fill up the next shell. Shells continue to fill up progressively.

The lower energy states of atoms are those in which the negatively charged electrons spend more time closer to the positively charged nucleus.

Question 13

How many electrons can occupy the first shell of an atom?

Answer 13

2

Question 14

How many electrons can occupy the second shell of an atom?

Answer 14

8

Question 15

How many electrons can occupy the third shell of an atom?

Answer 15

8

Question 16

How many electrons can occupy the fourth shell of an atom?

Answer 16

2

Question 17

What are noble gases also known as?

Answer 17

Inert gases

Question 18

What group do noble gases occupy in the periodic table?

Answer 18

18

Question 19

What are noble gases well known for?

Answer 19

For their lack of reactivity

Question 20

Why do noble gases rarely react with other elements?

Answer 20

Because of their stable electronic configuration

Question 21

What are elements in group 1 of the periodic table known as?

Answer 21

Alkali metals

Question 22

Why do alkali metals need to be stored in special conditions?

Answer 22

Because they are very reactive and need to be kept away from air and water

Question 23

What is the trend in reactivity of the alkali metals in group 1 of the periodic table?

Answer 23

The reactivity of alkali metals increase as you go down group 1

Question 24

What is produced when alkali metals react with water?

Answer 24

Hydrogen gas and metal hydroxide

Question 25

What is a metal hydroxide?

Answer 25

It is a compound Positive metal ion combined Negative hydroxide ion

Question 26

What do brackets in a scientific chemical equation represent?

Answer 26

The letter in brackets represents the state of matter of the reactants and products Solid (s) Liquid (l) Gas (g) Dissolved in water (aqueous) - (aq)

Question 27

Which ions do you get when salt (NaCl) dissolves in water?

Answer 27

Na+ And Cl- Ions

Question 28

What are monoatomic ions?

Answer 28

Containing only one atom

Question 29

What are polyatomic ions?

Answer 29

Contains more than one atom.

Question 30

Why is there a difference in the reactivity of alkali metals and noble gases?

Answer 30

The main difference is due to their electronic configuration The outer shell of alkali metals are not balanced

Question 31

When the electron in an outer shell is further away from the nucleus, what happens between the negatively charged electrons and the positively charged protons?

Answer 31

The attraction is reduced

Question 32

Why is potassium more reactive than sodium or lithium?

Answer 32

Because potassium has more shells and the attraction between the electrons and protons are reduced the further away the electron is from the nucleus, it is easier to remove the electron from the outer shell due to its increased distance from the nucleus

Question 33

What is the relationship between the number of shells an atom has and the 'period' in the periodic table?

Answer 33

The number of shells is the same as the period number in the periodic table. E.g. Lithium has 2 shells and is therefore in period 2

Question 34

What elements are in group 2 in the periodic table?

Answer 34

Alkaline earth metals

Question 35

If magnesium loses two electrons in its third shell to give Mg2+. Which other element has the same electron configuration?

Answer 35

Mg2+ has 10 electrons surrounding it the nucleus and its electron configuration is the same as neon

Question 36

Moving down groups 1 and 2 in the periodic table, you can see that the number of electrons in the outer shell is the same as the group number. How many electrons are in the outer shell of alkali metals (or group 1) in the periodic table?

Answer 36

Alkali metals (group 1) have one electron in the outer shell

Question 37

How many electrons are in the outer shell of alkaline earth metals (or group 2) in the periodic table?

Answer 37

Alkaline earth metals (or group 2) have 2 electrons in the outer shell

Question 38

What is a chemical described as if it releases energy in to its surroundings?

Answer 38

Exothermic

Question 39

What is a chemical described as if it absorbs energy from its surroundings?

Answer 39

Endothermic

Question 40

Are the reactions of the alkali metals (Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs and Fr) with water endothermic or exothermic?

Answer 40

The reactions of the alkali metals with water release energy and therefore are exothermic

Question 41

Where are transition metals placed in the periodic table?

Answer 41

They are a large group of metal elements placed in the centre of the periodic table.

Question 42

Are transition metals more or less reactive that group 1 and 2?

Answer 42

They are less reactive and insoluble in water

Question 43

Give some examples of transition metals?

Answer 43

Iron, zinc, copper, gold

Question 44

Why do you think that gold, silver and copper have been used for so long in coinage?

Answer 44

The reactivity of gold, silver and copper is very low. There would be little value in a coinage that slowly reacted to form other compounds. The intrinsic value of the metal is also a factor for gold and silver

Question 45

What is oxidation?

Answer 45

It is the reaction of oxygen from the atmosphere with a substance to produce a new substance. Loss of electrons represents oxidation.

Question 46

What is reduction?

Answer 46

It is where a substance gains electrons

Question 47

How can the term OILRIG help you to remember what oxidation and reduction?

Answer 47

Oil is loss Reduction is gain (Of electrons)

Question 48

Is the rusting of iron metal an example of oxidation or reduction?

Answer 48

Oxidation reaction Here each iron atom loses two electrons to form the ion (Fe2+)