PART 2: Worldview to Greece Flashcards
(31 cards)
Cosmogony
Story of creation of universe
Different throughout each ancient culture but they all contain
-a move from chaos to order
-a beginning that contains water
Tanak
The Jewish holy book
T=Torah=law
N=Nevi’im=prophets
K=Ketuvim=writings
Original Sin
The sin was Eve, then Adam eating from the forbidden Tree of Knowledge of Good and Evil
The world became cursed as a cosequence
Cements the Jewish God as a father figure that one should seek to atone to
Covenant
A legally binding agreement between 2 parties
4 Major Covenants
-Noaic=God will never flood the earth again
-Abrahamic-Abraham is the father of many gens
-Mosaic=God’s people will go to the promised land
-Davidic=David has a divine line of kings
Samsara
Re-death and re-birth; when you die you are reincarnated
Hindu concept of circular time and infinite lives
Where you are born into in each life is determined by the karma of your previous life
In contrast with the Jewish idea of linear time
Harrapa
One of the oldest civilizations, Indus
Became an empire
Brick size confirms and shows communication and regulation
Mohenjo-Daro
Trimurti and their symbols
Brahman: creator God, three faces
Vishnu: the preserver, blue and avatars
Shiva: the destroyer, snake and fire
King Menes
AKA King Narmer
Unified upper and lower Egypt
First Pharoah
Symbol was the mace (power)
Nile River
Egyptian’s source of fertility, communication, and trade
“Etesian Gales” give boats the ability to sail upstream
Khufu
AKA Cheops
The name of the oldest and largest pyramid
Took 20 years and great craftsmanship
Mastaba
Mummified bodies of the rich go in these underground tombs
Rooms for visits and shaft for escaping spirit
Foundation for Stack Mastabas-Zosur was commanded by Imotep to build the first one
Pyramids
King’s chamber and queen’s chamber
Spirit shaft
Sarcophagus
Book of the Dead on the walls
Women in Egypt
Most liberated women of ancient civilizations
They could…
-Ask for divorce without husband’s permission
-Own their own property and boats/businesses
-Go to court
Herodotus
The first historian to record historical events with the purpose of preserving the events of his time
Wrote down the Greco-Persian wars non-biasedly
Thucydides
Athenian who wrote down the history of the Peloponnesian Wars
Bc he thought it was the most important war
Recorded Pericles’ Funeral Oration
Pericles
Wrote and spoke his funeral oration
Glorify Athenian culture for remembrance
Athens is the greatest even though they lost
Socrates
Oral teacher-never wrote anything down; his student, Plato, wrote down what he said
Stressed the importance of being questioning
Sentenced to death by the Greek government for corrupting the minds of the youth
Plato
a priori-idea first from which observations are drawn
Inductive thought
Established the Academy
Aristotle
a posteriori-observation first, then things are categorized and defined
Deductive thought
Established the Lyceum
Types of columns
Doric-oldest and simplest
Ionic-from Iona; top looks like a scroll
Corinthian-flora, ornate top
Cyrus the Great
The first ruler of the Persian Empire
Hegemonic-conquered peoples keep their culture but pay taxes and troops
The empire becomes very strong because of this
Zoroastrianism
Religion of the Persian Empire
Zoroaster=prophet
Ahura Mazda=monotheistic God
Avesta=scripture
Phalanx
Dominated warfare from the Persian War-Civil War
Group of people holding spears and shields
Unbreakable and inpenetrable
Athenian Democracy
Solon=wanted to abolish slavery and debt; established the Boule
Pesistratus=further diminished the aristocratic power
Cleisthenes=established deme for people’s voting power
