Part 7

Question 1

What is the difference between “demand” and “effective realization” when explaining the existence of norms, according to Voss?

Answer 1

Demand for social norm: is when norms emerge when they promise to bring about efficiency gains to beneficiaries.
Effective realization: is when a norm is pushed.

Question 2

What is the difference between conjoint and disjoint norms?

Answer 2

Conjoint: both targets and beneficiaries gain from the social norm
Disjoint: only beneficiaries gain from the social norm, but the targets also have to conform to it.

Question 3

To what type of social phenomenon does Voss’ analysis apply?

Answer 3

That norms are collective, objective, and independent of individual consciousness.

Question 4

What is a trigger strategy according to Voss?

Answer 4

Is a strategy that is used to maintain cooperation. But when one defects they punish by also defecting.

Question 5

What is the distinction between coordination and cooperation norms, according to Diekmann?

Answer 5

Coordination (conventional): the actors have coinciding interests (driving both left or both right).
Cooperation (social): unwritten rules that encourages people to work together (if your neighbour helps you moving stuff, you feel you have to help him too)