Part A - Section 8 Flashcards by Mark Flippence

What does Perf Class A mean

Multi engine,
9+ seating
5700kg+,
Must be able to climb on one engine
-Driftdown clear of terrain to an aerodrome where a landing can be made

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is an isolated aerodrome

For Diversion

Alternate airfield - 2 hours away

(Alternate fuel + reserve fuel is greater than 2 hours flying time for a turbine engine)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is contingent fuel

Fuel required to compensate for unforeseen factors

5% (or 3%) or 5 mins

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Lowest MOCA / MORA

Below 6000ft - Highest obstacle + 1000 ft

Above 6000ft - Highest obstacle +2000

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What factors can affect MOCA/MORA

Temperature and wind

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is a take-off alternate and what is criteria

Nominated alternate if weather precludes return to departure aerodrome..

1 hour S/E cruse speed - Actual T/O mass

Non precision - RVR and cloud base must be taken into account

Precision - only RVR must be taken into account

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

When is more than 1 destination alternate required

When the weather at destination is lower than minima for 1 hour before and 1 hour after scheduled arrival time.

No met information available

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is required at destination for a Perf A aircraft to land

-ATC / VHF radio
-At least one of NDB, VOR, Radar
-Have suitable level of Crash response

(NAV aids do not have to be available at time of arrival)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is a destination alternate and requirements

-Suitable airfield to be used in case of being unable to get into destination.

-Weather must be suitable with alternate minima for 1 hour before and 1 hour after scheduled arrival time.

Approach type must be downgraded,

Cat 2 -> Cat 1
Cat 1 -> Non precision
Non Precision - Non Precision +200ft/1000m
Circling - Circling

If Primary is RNAV, Alternate cannot be RNAV

If approach is Non precision - RVR and cloud base must be taken into account

If approach is precision - only RVR must be taken into account

1 to always be specified unless:

-less than six hours flight AND two separate runways with separate approach aids, separate landing surfaces and separate approach procedures.

-The destination is remote and no alternate exists

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Destination alternate minima criteria and caveats

Cat 2 -> Cat 1
Cat 1 -> Non precision
Non Precision - Non Precision +200ft/1000m
Circling - Circling

Non P - Cloud base must be taken into account
GNSS must not be used for destination and alternate

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is categorisation of aircraft based on

Vat (Speed over threashold)

ERJ cat C - 121KTS - 140 KTS

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Take-off minima RVR
(And Caveats)

Minima depends on ground equipment

-Edge light and runway markings = 300m
-Edge and centre lights = 200m
-Edge and centre lights with multiple RVRs = 150
-HALS system - 125

-Take-off cannot commence if minima precludes return unless a take-off alternate is nominated

Commander can determine minima even if official RVR is below limits or an RVR does not exist

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

When can we use 125 RVR for take-off

Full HALS system
centre line lights spaced at least 15m apart
edge line lights spaced at least 60m apart

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Approach light categories

FALS (Full approach light system )
IALS (Intermediate approach light system)
BALS (Basic approach light system)
NALS (No Approach light system)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

System minima, RVR and light and equipment downgrades.

Found in Part A section 8.13

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Converting MET VIZ to RVR

Full HALS

Day 1.5 x viz
Night 2 x viz

Any other lighting
-Day 1 x viz
-Night 1.5 x viz

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is an approach ban

Before 1000ft if RVR drops below minima you may not continue below 1000ft .

After 1000ft if RVR drops below minima you may continue the approach.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

min RVR for visual approach

800m

Loganair use 3000m

Night visual approach criteria

Allowed with and without radar services, without…..

Do not go below MSA outwith 4.2NM (Cat C) of airfield

What factors can affect operating minima

Wind

Above what distance will RVR not be reported

1500m

How often are TAFs and METARs issued

+ validity?

TAF - 4 x daily 2340, 0540, 1140, and 1740 UTC

Usually valid 9-24 hours

METAR - every 30 mins 20s and 50s , unless a significant update occurs

Composition of Fuel

Taxi
Trip
Contingent
Alternate
Final
Extra

What is Taxi Fuel in Logan

70Kgs

May be upped in certain airfields, for example Dublin is 140

What is Trip Fuel

Fuel for Take-off/Climb Expected departure Top of climb to top of decent Top of descent expected arrival Approach and landing

What is contingent fuel, can it be changed

The greater of -5% of total trip fuel OR -5 minutes flying time at 1500ft Can be reduced to 3% using the 20% / 25% rule

Can contingent fuel be reduced from 5%

yes , to 3% Providing an en-route alternate exists within a circle size radius 20% of total flight distance from a point 25% from destination. (or 20% + 50NM) which ever is greater

What is alternate fuel

Missed approach + procedure climb to level off Top of climb to top of descent (+ routing) Top of descent and arrival routing Fuel for executing approach and and landing

What is final reserve fuel

Fuel to fly for 30 mins (turbine engine) holding at 1500ft

What is extra fuel

Any other fuel the commander wishes to carry

What is DOM

Mass of plane minus fuel for a particular operation e.g. crew/bags catering oil (basically everything minus trafic load and fuel)

Pax classification (Ages of PAX)

Adult - older than 12 Child - Younger than 12 older than 2 Infant - younger than 2

Standard mass of Jet A1

Rules for tripping and resetting CBs

- Trip and reset max of twice - Reset tripped CB once

Standard mass for cabin baggage

6kg

When can a commander restrain a pax

In the air, but NOT the ground only if it is considered that restraining will NOT cause a safety issue

What is the difference between P-RNAV, B-RNAV , RNP approach

P-RNAV - accuracy to 1 NM 95% of the time B-RNAV - accuracy to 5 NM 95% of the time RNP - accuracy to .3 NM 95 % of the time

What defines a level bust

300ft

What does the term "Minimum Fuel" mean?

Any undue delay will cause the plane to enter min reserves. If it is apparent that the A/C may land with less than min reserves (30 mins) , this call has to be used. Also if any undue delay will cause it to enter min reserves

What calls should me made if it is suspected or known that the A/C will go below min reserve fuel

Suspect - Min Fuel Known - Mayday

What UK category of wake turbulence is the ERJ

Small (1700kg - 40000)

With reference to runway, what does the term "Relevant" mean

A section of the runway where the A/C will still be travelling above 60kts (high speed sections)

When can an A/C descent below the safety altitude

- By using an approve procedure or routing - When under positive radar control - When in visual contact with the ground

How many approach and go arounds can be made consecutively?

- 2 approaches and go arounds A significant improvement in weather must be seen before another is attempted.