Part As - 2007-2011 Flashcards
(131 cards)
1
Q
The nerve innervating muscles in the anterior compartment of the arm
A
Musculo-cutaneous nerve
2
Q
The nerve supplying the major part of the palmar surface of the hand and fingers
A
Median nerve
3
Q
The spinal nerve root supplying the lateral (radial) part of the forearm and thumb
A
C6
4
Q
The main artery which gives rise to the anastomosis of vessels around the neck of the humerus
A
Axillary artery
5
Q
The spinal nerve root giving the major supply to the small muscles of the hand
A
T1
6
Q
Where does the production of ribosomes occur
A
Nucleolus
7
Q
Where does the entry of cytoplasmic transcription factors to the nucleus occur
A
Nuclear pore
8
Q
Where does the packaging of secretory proteins into vesicles occur
A
Trans-Golgi network
9
Q
Responsible for the directional transport of vesicles
A
Microtubules
10
Q
Maintains the mechanical skeleton of the cell
A
Intermediate filaments
11
Q
The location of the cell bodies of peripheral sensory nerves
A
Dorsal root ganglion
12
Q
The embryonic origin of peripheral sensory neurons
A
Neural crest
13
Q
The location of the cell bodies of peripheral somatic motor neurons
A
Ventral horn of spinal cord
14
Q
The transmitter used by peripheral somatic motor neurons
A
ACh
15
Q
The main neurotransmitter used by peripheral sensory neurons
A
Glutamate
16
Q
Embryonic germ layer from which the notochord is derived
A
Epiblast
17
Q
Embryonic germ layer from which the stomach epithelium is derived
A
Endoderm
18
Q
Example of a cell type which develops from neural crest cells
A
Melanocytes
19
Q
Tissue which is responsible for generating the segmental pattern of peripheral nerves
A
Somites
20
Q
Example of an anatomical structure that develops from sclerotome tissue
A
Vertebra
21
Q
Glucocorticoids are produced from cholesterol
A
True
22
Q
At the shoulder joint
A
Rotator cuff muscles are the major stabilisers of the joint
23
Q
At the elbow joint, the principal flexor muscles are supplied by
A
Musculocutaneous nerve
24
Q
Which movements are possible at the wrist joint
A
Flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, circumduction
25
Which two spinal nerve roots supply the small muscles of the hand
C7/ T1
26
Which is the innervation of flexors of the fingers?
Median and ulnar nerves
27
In the arterial supply of the lower limb
The main arterial supply to the head of the femur passes along its neck
28
In the venous drainage of the lower limb
In communicating veins normal flow is from superficial to deep
29
The femoral nerve supplies
Extensors of the knee
30
The main spinal nerve root which innervates skin on the lateral side of the foot and heel
S1
31
The sciatic nerve
Supplies all the muscles below the level of the knee
32
The embryonic layer from which the urinary system is derived
Mesoderm
33
The embryonic layer from which the stomach epithelium is derived
Endoderm
34
A example of a cell type which derives from the neural crest
Schwann cells
35
An example of an anatomical structure that derives from intermediate mesoderm
Kidney
36
The trachea epithelium is stratified squamous
False
37
The trachea has complete rings of cartilage strengthening its walls
False
38
The principal hormone secreted by the zona glomerulosa is
Aldosterone
39
Cells of the zona fasciculata in brain are stimulated to secrete cortisol by
Adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH)
40
Secretion of catecholamines from the adrenal medulla is stimulated by
Preganglionic sympathetic nerves
41
Acting in the liver in starvation, cortisol stimulates
Gluconeogenesis
42
Classification of the knee joint
Synovial hinge joint
43
Muscle group causing extension of the knee joint
Quadriceps group
44
Nerve supplying knee flexors
Sciatic nerve
45
Muscle group causing flexion of the knee joint
Hamstring group
46
The medial collateral ligament
Is attached to the medial meniscus
47
The principal movement between vertebrae 1 and 2
Flexion/extension
48
Nasal epithelium
Pseudostratified columnar epithelium
49
Distal convoluted tubule of the kidney
Simple cuboidal epithelium
50
Oesophagus
Stratified squamous epithelium, non-keratinised
51
Lining of blood vessels
G. Simple squamous epithelium
52
Colon
Simple columnar epithelium with goblet cells
53
Structure within epiblast where key invagination movements of gastrulation take place
Primitive streak
54
Neural crest cells are derived from this structure, which is one of the three embryonic germ layers
Ectoderm
55
Part of mesoderm from which the kidneys are formed
Intermediate mesoderm
56
Part of somite from which the bulk of each vertebra is derived
Sclerotome
57
Part of the mesoderm from which the limb skeleton is derived
Lateral plate mesoderm
58
Cell-cell junctions that are primarily responsible for linking keratinocytes in the prickle cell layer (stratum spinosum) of the epidermis
Desmosomes
59
A molecule that is NOT a component of extracellular matrix
Actin
60
Cell-cell junctions that permit diffusion of ions between cardiomyocytes
Gap junctions
61
Human embryos inherit the DNA in this organelle almost exclusively from their mother
Mitochondria
62
The site of translation for most secreted proteins
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
63
The site of degradation for most endocytosed plasma membrane proteins
Lysosome
64
The membrane-bounded organelle into which proteins can be transported directly from the cytoplasm in their folded form
Nucleus
65
Muscle/muscle group producing flexion of the elbow
Muscles in the anterior compartment of the arm
66
Peripheral nerve supplying the extensor muscles of the upper limb
Radial nerve
67
Muscle/muscle group producing first few degrees of abduction of the shoulder
Supraspinatus
68
Growth of tissue in the absence of proliferation
Hypertrophy
69
The phase of mitosis in which chromatids are pulled apart by the mitotic spindle
Anaphase
70
A tissue that is maintained by continuous division of stem cells
Intestinal epithelium
71
The developmental potential of human stem cells derived from a 4-cell stage embryo
Totipotent
72
A property of cells in primary cell culture
Will only grow and proliferate for a limited number of cell cycles
73
A non-dividing cell that after tissue damage can re-enter the cell cycle to regenerate a large portion of the organ in which it normally resides
Hepatocyte
74
A multinucleate cell that can resorb extracellular matrix to remodel the tissue in which it resides
Osteoclast
75
A cell of the blood that gives rise through migration to macrophages
Monocyte
76
A cell that links to its neighbours by structures called intercalated discs
Cardiomyocyte
77
The major cell type within the epiphyseal plate of developing long bones that grows by hypertrophy
Chondrocyte
78
A term which best describes the developmental versatility of haematopoietic stem cells
Pluripotent
79
Intercellular junctions that are primarily responsible for linking cells of the epidermal stratum spinosum (spiny cell layer) to each other
Desmosomes
80
Layer within bilaminar germ disc that gives rise to the embryo proper
Epiblast
81
Part of the mesoderm from which the central portion of the intervertebral disc is formed
Notochord
82
Nerves that directly stimulate secretion of catecholamines from the adrenal medulla
preganglionic sympathetic nerves
83
The nerve supplying the major part of the dorsal surface of the hand and fingers
Radial nerve
84
The spinal nerve root supplying the lateral (radial) part of the forearm and thumb
C6
85
The spinal nerve root responsible for abduction of the shoulder
C5
86
Sympathetic outflow from spinal cord
T1-L2
87
Cell type which secretes collagen
Fibroblast
88
Cell type which lays down new bone
Osteoblast
89
Hydrated molecule reducing friction at joints
Proteoglycans
90
Cell type that makes cartilage
Chondrocyte
91
Site of haematopoiesis
Marrow cavity
92
Structure that can fuse with the plasma membrane to release its contents outside of the cell
Secretory vesicle
93
Structural junction anchoring cells to basement membrane
Hemidesmosomes
94
Composed of actin monomers
Microfilaments
95
Structures formed from regularly arranged bundles of myosin molecules
Thick filaments
96
A tumour which grows by invasion and metastasis
Malignant
97
Muscle wasting after nerve injury
Neuropathic
98
The partial failure of ovaries to develop in Turner's syndrome
Hypoplasia
99
Proximal convoluted tubule of kidney
Simple tall cuboidal epithelium with numerous microvilli
100
Follicular cells of thyroid
Simple tall cuboidal epithelium with numerous
microvilli
101
Bladder
Uroepithelium (transitional epithelium)
102
Oesophagus
Stratified squamous epithelium, non-keratinised
103
Endothelium
Simple squamous epithelium
104
A spinal nerve root which innervates the diaphragm
C4
105
The name of the vessel which lies in close proximity to the cords of the brachial plexus
Axillary artery
106
Tissue specialised for generation of heat in the newborn
Brown adipose
107
Cell type which contains vasoactive substances including histamine
Basophils
108
The process by which three embryonic germ layers are generated
Gastrulation
109
The structure that acts as an organiser of laterality during embryogenesis
Primitive node
110
Prevent the foot from being everted
Common peroneal nerve
111
Cause wasting of muscles of the thenar eminence of the hand
Median nerve
112
Paralyse the diaphragm
Phrenic nerve
113
Paralyse the extensors of the knee
Femoral nerve
114
Cause loss of sensation along the medial border of the upper limb
Lower trunk (C7, T1) of the brachial plexus
115
An important store of calcium used during contraction of this muscle
Sarcoplasmic reticulum
116
Structures that conduct changes in cell surface membrane potential to the interior of the muscle fibre
T-tubules
117
The nerve responsible for knee flexion and ankle plantar flexion
Sciatic nerve
118
The neurotransmitter receptors on the post-synaptic membrane at the
neuromuscular junction
nAChRs
119
The cell type responsible for myelinating peripheral nerve axons
Schwann cell
120
Site of packaging of secretory proteins into vesicles
Trans-Golgi Network
121
An organelle in which ATP is synthesised
Mitochondrion
122
A structural junction formed between epithelial cells and the basement membrane
Hemidesmosomes
123
The type of epithelium found lining the jejunum
Simple columnar epithelium with numerous microvilli
124
Structure regulating the degree of paracellular (between cells) permeability
Tight junctions
125
Which of the following contributes only to placental tissue?
Cytotrophoblast
126
The three primary germ layers are
ectoderm, endoderm and mesoderm
127
Embryonic ectoderm gives rise to the
Brain
128
The zone of polarizing activity is responsible for
patterning the limb along the cranio-caudal (anterior-posterior) axis
129
The zone of polarizing activity is responsible for
patterning the limb along the cranio-caudal (anterior-posterior) axis
130
Which of the following organs does the embryonic endoderm contribute to
Lungs
131
Which of the following organs does the embryonic mesoderm contribute to
All of the above
