Part B Flashcards
Name the origin and insertion of the rectus abdominis muscle
O - 5th-7th costal cartilages
I - pubic crest
Name the origin and insertion of the external oblique
O - ribs 5-12
I - linea alba, pubic crest, pubic tubercle, anterior 1/2 of iliac crest
Name the origin and insertion of the internal oblique
O - lumbar fascia, anterior 2/3 iliac crest, lateral 2/3 inguinal ligament
I - ribs 10-12, linea alba, pubic crest via transverse tendon
What is the nerve supply of the abdominal muscles?
Rectus Abdominis and External Oblique - lower 6 thoracic nerves
Internal oblique and transversus abdominis - lower 6 thoracic nerves, iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerves
Spigellian hernia
Occurs at the junction between the linea semilunaris and arcuate line
Boundaries of inguinal canal
Boundaries of inguinal canal (MALT):
Roof: Internal oblique and transversus abdominis Muscle fibres
Anteriorly: External oblique Aponeurosis and internal oblique
Floor: Inguinal Ligament
Posteriorly: Transversalis fascia
What is the deep inguinal ring?
Defect in transversalis fascia
1cm above the mid-inguinal point
Lateral to inferior epigastric arteries
What is the superficial inguinal ring?
Triangular defect in the inguinal canal
Above and medial to pubic tubercle
Contents of inguinal canal
Male: Spermatic cord and ilioinguinal nerve
Female: Round ligament, genital branch of genitofemoral nerve and ilioinguinal nerve
Contents of spermatic cord
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Pampiniform plexus
Ductus Deferens
Cremasteric artery
Testicular artery
Artery to ductus deferens
Genital branch of genitofemoral nerve
Sympathetic fibres
Lymphatics
Borders of femoral triangle
SAIL
Lateral border: Sartorius muscle
Medial border: Adductor longus muscle
Base or superior border: Inguinal Ligament
Contents of femoral triangle
NAVEL
Femoral Nerve, Femoral Artery, Femoral Vein, Femoral canal (Empty space), Lymphatics
Floor of femoral triangle
APPI
Adductor longus
Pectineus
Psoas major
Illiacus muscles
Boundaries of femoral canal
FLIP
Femoral vein - lateral
Lacunal ligament - medial
Inguinal ligament - anterior
Pectineal ligament - posterior
Contents of femoral canal
Fat, lymphatics, cloquet’s node
Which organs are retroperitoneal?
Remembered by the mnemonic SAD PUCKER
S - suprarenal (adrenal) gland
A - aorta/IVC
D - duodenum (second and third part)
P - pancreas (except tail)
U - ureters
C - colon (ascending and descending)
K - kidneys
E - (o)esophagus
R - rectum (upper 2/3)
What is the blood supply of the pancreas?
Mainly splenic artery (from coeliac trunk)
Head and uncinate process are from superior pancreaticoduodenal from gastroduodenal, and inferior pancreaticoduodenal from SMA
Blood supply of the oeseophagus
Cervical - inferior thyroid A+V
Thoracic - aortic branches and azygous
Abdominal - inferior phrenic and gastric
Blood supply of the duodenum
Upto ampulla of vater - superiopancreaticoduodenal from gastroduodenal from coeliac
After ampulla - inferiopancreaticoduodenal from SMA
Transpyloric plane - which level and contents
Structures that pass through the diaphragm
Aortic hiatus - aorta, azygous
Oesophageal opening - oeseophagus, CN X
Caval opening - IVC, R phrenic
Superior epigastric vessels, L phrenic, greater and lesser splanchnic nerves
Structures that pass through the diaphragm
Aortic hiatus - aorta, azygous
Oesophageal opening - oeseophagus, CN X
Caval opening - IVC
Boundaries of axilla
Anterior - pec major/pen minor
Medial - serratus anterior, thoracic wall
Lateral - intertuberlar sulcus of humerus
Posterior - subscapularis, teres major, latissimus dorsi
Base - axillary fascia
Apex - clavicle, 1st rib, scapula
Axillary node levels
Level 1 - lateral and inferior to pec minor
Level 2 - posterior to pec minor
Level 3 - medial and superior to pec minor
