Part I Flashcards
(30 cards)
Mention 3 DNA virus families including non-enveloped viruses!
Parvoviridae, Papillomaviridae, Adenoviridae
Mention 3 DNA virus families including enveloped viruses!
Herpesviridae, Hepadnaviridae, Poxviridae
Mention 3 RNA virus families including non-enveloped viruses!
Picornaviriade, Caliciviridae, Reoviridae
Mention 3 RNA virus families including enveloped viruses!
Orthomyxoviridae, Paramyxoviridae, Rhabdoviridae, etc.
Which virus family is characterized by a single-stranded DNA genome?
Parvoviridae
Which virus family is characterized by a double-stranded RNA genome?
Reoviridae
Reverse transcription is involved in the replication of which DNA virus?
Hepadnaviridae – HBV
List the 5 major types of viral vaccines (classified according to the properties of the viral component)!
live attenuated virus vaccines
inactivated virus vaccines
subunit vaccines
viral vector vaccines
nucleic acid vaccines (RNA, DNA)
Mention at least 3 diseases caused by herpes simplex viruses (HSV1, HSV2)!
oropharyngeal herpes (gingivostomatitis, herpes labialis), keratoconjunctivitis, encephalitis, herpes genitalis
What are the serious complications of HSV infection in newborns?
disseminated infections; encephalitis; skin, eye, mouth infections
Which viruses are susceptible to acyclovir? What is the mechanism of effect of the drug?
alpha herpesviruses – HSV1, HSV2, VZV; inhibitor of viral DNA polymerase and DNA chain terminator
Explain why acyclovir is selectively toxic to cells infected by alpha-herpesviruses!
These viruses encode their own thymidine kinase enzymes, which are needed for activation (phosphorylation) of the drug. Cellular thymidine kinase does not activate the drug.
In which cells do Herpes simlex viruses establish latent infection?
Sensory ganglion cells (trigeminal or sacral ganglia)
What manifestation occurs when the virus causing chickenpox is reactivated after a long latent period?
Herpes zoster (shingles)
What manifestations does cytomegalovirus cause in congenital infections?
cytomegalic inclusion disease – spontaneous abortion, CNS damage (deafness, blindness, mental retardation), hepatosplenomegaly, jaundice
What disease does cytomegalovirus cause in immunocompetent persons?
mononucleosis infectiosa (heterophil-antibody negative)
Mention 2 diseases that cytomegalovirus can cause in immune compromised persons!
pneumonia, chorioretinitis, colitis
Mention 2 drugs that can be used to treat cytomegalovirus infections?
Ganciklovir, valganciklovir, foscarnet, cidofovir, letermovir
Describe the heterophil antibody test used in Epstein-Barr virus diagnostics!
Paul-Bunnel test – in mononucleosis caused by EBV, the serum of the patient agglutinates sheep red blood cells
Which virus causes exanthema subitum (roseola infantum)?
HHV6, HHV7
Which virus causes erythema infectiosum?
Human parvovirus B19
What are the possible consequences of fetal infections caused by B19 parvovirus?
fetal death or hydrops fetalis
Which isotype of antigen-specific immunoglobulins in the newborn’s blood indicates a congenital infection?
IgM
Which antigens of influenza viruses are recognized by neutralizing antibodies?
Hemagglutinin, neuraminidase
