Part III - Second Dynasty Flashcards
(37 cards)
Who was Cronus (Saturn) and what did he represent?
Cronus was the god of time in its sense of eternal duration.
Who were the children of Cronus and Rhea?
Three sons: Hades (Pluto), Poseidon (Neptune), Zeus (Jupiter); and three daughters: Hestia (Vesta), Demeter (Ceres), Hera (Juno).
Why did Cronus swallow his children?
He feared they would overthrow him, as his father Uranus had predicted.
How was Zeus saved from being swallowed by Cronus?
Rhea secretly sent Zeus to Crete to be raised by nymphs called Melissae.
What food did the nymphs feed Zeus in Crete?
Ambrosia.
How did Zeus make Cronus release his siblings?
With help from Metis, who gave Cronus a potion that made him vomit them up.
Where did Zeus and his allies take their stand during the war?
On Mount Olympus.
Who joined Zeus against Cronus?
Oceanus, other Titans, the Cyclops, and the Hecatoncheires.
What natural forces accompanied the battle between Zeus and Cronus?
The sea rose high, the earth shook, thunder rolled, lightning flashed, and a mist enveloped Cronus.
What happened to Cronus after he was defeated?
He was overthrown, banished, and stripped of his power, which passed to Zeus.
What was the war between Zeus and Cronus called?
Titanomachia.
How is Cronus often depicted in art?
As an old man with a scythe and an hourglass, symbolizing time and mortality.
Who did the Romans identify Cronus with?
Their agricultural god Saturn.
What was the Golden Age?
A peaceful, prosperous era under the reign of Saturn and his descendants.
Who was Rhea and what did she represent?
Wife of Cronus; personified the earth and was seen as the Great Mother and producer of all plant and animal life.
How was Rhea depicted in art?
Wearing a turret crown, seated with lions at her feet or riding a chariot drawn by lions.
What was the Gigantomachia?
A war between the Olympian gods and the Giants, children of Gaia and Uranus.
How were the Giants defeated in the Gigantomachia?
They lost contact with the earth when rocks were thrown on them, breaking Gaia’s protection.
Who was Typhon (Typhoeus)?
A monstrous opponent of Zeus, son of Tartarus and Gaia.
What was one early Greek belief about the origin of man?
That humans had sprung from the earth.
What happened to early humans according to myth?
They were tamed by gods and heroes, but later became so wicked that Zeus sent a flood.
Who were saved from the flood and how?
Deucalion and Pyrrha, who built a ship and survived the nine-day deluge.
How did Deucalion and Pyrrha repopulate the earth?
By throwing the ‘bones of their mother’ (stones of the earth) behind them, which became people.
What ages of mankind did myth describe?
Golden, Silver, Brazen, and Iron Ages.
