Part one (causes) Flashcards
Alliance systems (76 cards)
1
Q
Who were the great powers of Europe, starting from most powerful ?
A
Britain
France
Russia
Germany
Austria-hungary
2
Q
Why was the Triple Alliance formed in 1882 ?
A
- Germany, Austria hungry and Italy
- Each country optimised to provide military support to the other if one was attacked by two other powers. Italy had the weaker military forces and was viewed as a minor parter
3
Q
Why was the tripe entente formed in 1907 ?
A
France, Russia and Britain
Britain stretched the Franco-Russia alliance by joining the deal (to protect themselves from Germany)
4
Q
Why was there Moroccan crises ?
A
Morocco was one of the only areas not colonised.
Britain agreed to support France’s attempt to take over Morocco and Spain and Italy had no objections
However, Germany was determined to prevent this, they visited the ruler of Morocco to get his support
5
Q
When was the first Moroccan crisis ?
A
1905-06
6
Q
What was the Kaiser’s aims whilst in the first Moroccan crisis ?
A
- He wanted to see how far France could be pushed
- He wanted to test the Entente cordiale
- He wanted to demenstarte that Germany intended to become fully invoked in world affairs and was very interested in the expansion Germany’s empire
7
Q
What conference did the first Moroccan crisis lead to (1905 - 6) ?
A
The Algeciras Conference January 1906
8
Q
Who attended the Algeciras conference and why was it called ?
A
All major European nations (and the USA)
To settle the conflict
9
Q
Why was the Algeciras conference humiliating for the Germans ?
A
Only Austria- Hungry supported the Germans and it was decided that although France were stopped from colonising Morocco, they were given control of the Moroccan police
10
Q
A
11
Q
Who was the ruler of Morocco ?
A
Sultan Adbelasziz
12
Q
What were the Kaiser had several aims ?
A
- He wasted to see how far the French could be pushed
- Wanted to test the Entente Cordiale
- He wanted to demonstrate that Germany intended to become fully involved in world affairs and was very interested in the expansion Germany’s empire
13
Q
What conference was called in January 1906 as a resulte of the first Moroccan crisis ?
A
The Algeciras Conference
14
Q
Who was at the Algeciras Conference and why was it called ?
A
All major Europe powers and the USA
To settle the conflict
15
Q
Why was the Algeciras Conference humiliating for the Germans ?
A
Only Austria-Hungry supported the Germans
France was given special rights in Morocco ( even thought they were stopped from colonising Morocco they were given control over their police)
Britain and France stood firm against Germany
16
Q
How did alliances evolve from the Algeciras conference ?
A
- The Kaiser was shown that the Entente cordials was more than a friendly understanding
- Strengthened Britain and Russia’s friendship therefore turing the Entente cordiale into the Triple Entente (1907)
17
Q
What caused the second Moroccan crisis in 1911 ?
A
There was a rebellion against the Sultan in Fez, he asked France for help and as a result France sent 20,00 solider to fight the rebels
18
Q
Why did Germany get involved in the second Moroccan crisis?
A
The accused France of invading Morocco
19
Q
What was Germany’s response after accusing the France of invading Morocco in 1911 ?
A
They sent the war ship ‘The panther’ to the port of Agadir to show their strength
19
Q
Why did Britain prepare for war after the Germans sent ‘The panther’ to the port of Agadir ?
A
They had a naval base nearby Gibraltar and it looked like the Germans were trying to start a naval base in Agadir
20
Q
What was the solution to the second Moroccan crisis ?
A
- The kaiser ordered the war ship to leave Agadir
- Italy opposed the Germans
- It was decided that France would gain control of Morocco, in return the Germans would get part of the French Congo
21
Q
How did the humiliation of Germany cause long term affects of the second Moroccan crisis ?
A
- They were unlikely to back down from an international crisis again
22
Q
How did the Germans supporting the Kaiser cause long term affects after the second Morocco crisis ?
A
When he talked of war, they would support him
23
Q
How did Britain feeling threatened of Germany after the second Moroccan crisis cause long term affects?
A
Britain started to build more and more battleships
24
How did France and Britain growing closer after the Second Moroccan crisis have long term affects ?
They reached an secret agreement that French warships would proton the Mediterranean sea whilst the British warships would defend the north coast of France
25
How did Italy opposing Germany in ten second moroccan crisis have long term affects ?
Weakened the triple alliance
26
Why and how did Austria Hungry annex bosnia ?
Austria-hungary annexed bosnia to absorbing it into the Austro-Hungarian Empire
It took advantage of the of the Turkish rebellion
27
What was Serbia’s response to Austria-Hungary annexing bosnia ?
They were angered annaxed a fellow slav country and asked Russia to take action
28
What did Russia do as a resukt of the annexation?
They called for a international conference to discuss Austria-Hungary’s actions
29
Why did Russia back down after the international conference ?
Because even though Germany Kaiser was unhappy with Austria-Hungary’s actions they still supported them.
Russia backed down since they were not prepared to risk war because it felt it wasn’t strong enough to take on the Germans
30
How did the Bosnian Crisis of 1808-9 affect the countries involved ?
- Most people in Bosnia wanted to join with Serbia
- Secret societies were formed in serbia and Bosnia
- Russia started building more weapons so they would be strong enough next time
- Weakened the triple alliance
- The support from Germany affected the way Austria-hungry acted
31
What was Britains journey to Splendid isolation ?
In 1880 a British law stated that Britains navy should be equal in size to the combined strength of the next two largest branches. The two power standard
32
What is splendid isolation ?
In the early 1900s, the most powerful European started to split into two alliances. Britain started to look less splendid and more isolated
33
What Problems did Britain have with France whilst in isolation ?
The british and French clashed over colonies in North Africa and nearly went to war in the early 1800s , agreement were made over colonies and this brought the countries closer together
34
What problems did Britain have with Germany in 1898 in isolation ?
The Kaiser’s naval and colonial plans were a threat to Britain’s powers
35
What challenges did Britain face from alliances in isolation ?
The Dual and Triple alliance
The Franco-russia alliance after the Fraco-prussia
36
What challenges did Britain face in isolation due to the Germans supporting the Boers ?
The Boers were a group of settlers in the British colony in South Africa fat rebelled against the British
37
How did the British come out of isolation ?
In 1904, the Entente Cordiale was signed between Britain and France
In 1907, Britain signed a similar agreement with Russia
38
What was the aim of Kaiser Wilhelm 11 known as Weltpolitik ?
The Kaiser wanted to make Germany a global power
He decided they needed a larger empire, which had control over different parts of the world
This idea was called weltpolitik and in the late 1800s they started to colonise parts of Africa and other nations
39
Why did the Kaiser want a larger navy of powerful battleships ?
- He thought it would help Germany protect the countries in the German empire and allow Germany to take over more countries
- He wanted German Navy to rival Britain’s huge navy
40
How did Kaiser Wilhelm 11 increase the German Army and German navy ?
Huge sums of money was used.
Taxes were raised and money was borrowed to pay for it - Germany remained in debt for a very long time after
41
How did the Kaisers actions increase tension between European powers ?
Germany desire for more colonies made countries feel threatened that the Kaiser would challenge them for their colonies, which could lead to war
42
How did Germany building their army and navy have consequences ?
Other nations began to build up there armies and navies
Nations began to plan defence and attack plans in preparation for war
European nations started to form alliances (Triple Entente)
The kaiser became very unpopular when he have an interview in 1908 with the Daily Telegram newspaper
43
What was the arms race ?
When rival countries build to their armed forces in a bid to crime bigger and stronger than the other
44
Who took part in the arms race before the outbreak of the first world war ?
The major European powers
45
How much money did Britain, France, Germany, Austria-Hungary , Russia and Italy spend between them in 1870 ?
Over 90 million
46
How much did the spending from 1870 to 1914 advance ?
By 1915, this spending of 90 million in 1870 has quadrupled to 400 million
47
Who spent the most money on the army and navy?
Germany increased spending by 73 percent
Compared to France’s 10 percent and Britains 13 percent increase
48
How much did Russia’s spending increase and why ?
It increased by more than a third, due to their defeat by the Japanese in 1905
49
Why did governments pass laws that force men to join the armed forces, expect from Britain ?
Since every major European power had increased there spending to increase their army and navy
50
What caused the Anglo-German navel race ?
In the 1800s, Britain had built up a huge navy to protect its trade routes and colonies around the world and had the greatest navy by the 1900s
However in 1901,
Germany’s Kaiser announced that he wanted an empire to rival Britains
51
What did the Kaiser to build an army to rival Britains and how was it financed ?
He began a huge shipbuilding campaign.
Financed through a series of Navy laws
52
What did Britain announce about there navy in 1906 ?
Their creation of a new, improved war ships called the Dreadnought
53
Why was the dreadnought so good and what did the Germans refer to it as ?
It was stronger, faster and more powerful
The Germans referred to it as the “Funf minuten” - the amount of time the Germans thought they could sink the dreadnought
54
What did the Germans almost immediately after the Britains announced their dreadnought ?
They started creating their own version of the dreadnought
54
How did the British react to the Germans dreadnought (Rheinland) and what did the start ?
They built a super-dreadnought (improved version).
The started the Anglo-german naval race
55
How may dreadnought did Britain and Germany have each after the naval race ended (1906 to 1914) ?
Britain - 29
Germany - 17
56
What is the Acronym to remember the causes of the world war one ?
M ilitarianism
A lliances
I mperialsim
N ationlism
57
Why were groups like the Black hand form ?
Since the idea of a greater serbia (a strong nationalist movement that wanted to unite all serb areas into one country) took a blow when Austria-Hungary annexed Bosnia (a country with lots of serbs)
58
Who made up the group “The Black hand” ?
The group was made up of army officers, lawyers, journalists and university professors and students that had to agree they were willing to die for the “Black hand”
2500 members became loyal to the Black hand and some of these men contained guards that worked between Serbia and bosnia, making it easy to carry out terrorist acts such as planting bombs in Serbia and bosnia
59
What were the two failed assassination attempt by the Black Hand ?
They tried to assassinate Austria -Hungary’s Emperor, Franz Josef
They tried to kill an important men ever of the Austrian government with a poisoned dagger
60
What was Austria - Hungarys response to the failed attempts from the Black hand ?
Austria - Hungry’s Emperor was encouraged to take tough measures to crush Serbia
61
Why did the Black hand want to kill Archduke Franz Ferdinand ?
The Black hand saw the announcement by the Austria-Hungary army testing out weapons and carry out army excercise of the Serbian border as a threat
They Archduke Franz Ferdinand visiting Sarajevo on 28 June 1914 ( a national day in Serbia) was seen as a doesn’t insult
62
How did the Black hand plan for the assassination ?
Seven Bosnian students were selected.
They were trained to use guns and bombs
Few weeks before the visits they left serbia and made there way across the border
63
Who killed the archduke Franz Ferdinand and how ?
19 year old Gavrilo Princip, who was on his way home thinking the Plan had failed, killed the Archduke and his wife by shooting him in the throat and her in the stomach
64
What was AH response to the assassination ?
After checking they had support from Germany they send Serbia a list of demands (Ultimatum)
65
What was Serbia’s response to the Ultimatum ?
The king of Serbia accepted all the demand but one, he didn’t want Serbia’s independence by AH having a foothold in Serbia by having AH police in Serbia
66
What was in the Ultimatum ?
- That Serbia take full responsibility for the assassination and that they would get rid of any terrorist of anti - AH groups
- AH police be allowed into their country to make sure serbia was doing all they could to get rid of the groups
- They has 48 hours to accept the demands
67
What was AH response to Serbia declining one of the demands ?
Broke off all communication from Serbia and began to prepare for war
68
When and how did AH declare war on Serbia ?
On 28th of July , they started bombing Serbia’s Capital city (Belgrade) and this trigged a chain of events
69
How did Russia get involved in war after AH declared war on Serbia ?
Russia had supported Serbia for years, as soon as Russia heard the Tsar began to mobilise and prepare to go to Serbia’s aid
70
How does Germany get involved in the war ?
Tsar refuses to stop getting his troops ready like his cousin the Kaiser asked, so Germany mobilises its army and declares war on Russia, France starts to prepare their army
71
How does Germany plan to take on both Russia and France since it is encircled ?
The Shlieffen. plan
72
How was Britain brought into the war ?
As soon as Belgian was invaded by Germany, they have to support Belgian due to the treaty they signed promising they would help Belgium if it was invaded. The kaiser didn’t think they would stay true to this treaty
73
What did the British do to stop the Germans from continuing to invade Germany ?
They sent Germany a message telling them to call of their invasion of Belgium
74
What was the effects of Germany not responding to Britain’s message ?
August 5
France declares war on Germany
August 6
AH declares war on Russia
