part two Flashcards
(99 cards)
1
Q
how did volkswagen take corrective action and mortify themselves?
A
- set aside 7.2 bil or 6.5 in euros; apologized, recalled 488,000 cars
2
Q
what other brands does volkswagen own? (6)
A
audi, bentley, prosche, bugatti, lamborghini, volvo
3
Q
what vehicles did volkswagen recall?
A
4 cylinder VWs and 4 cycle autos
4
Q
what restoration strategies did volkswagen employ?
A
mortification, corrective action, compensation
5
Q
which state is most likely going to impose their own penalties on VW?
A
california
6
Q
what percent of stock prices did VW lose in one day?
A
17%
7
Q
in what year did richard pryor speak on police brutality?
A
1974
8
Q
when did the great migration begin?
A
1915
9
Q
how did housing laws impact black people during the great migration?
A
it was made illegal for a black person to move to a neighborhood with at least a 75% white population
10
Q
what was blockbustering?
A
white businessmen bought houses from scared WP trying to move away from the cities, selling those houses to Black families for twice the cost
11
Q
what was the demographic of st. louis county?
A
out of the 69 cities, 70% white, 23% black
12
Q
what’s getting people arrested in ferguson?
A
- lack of car insurance
- driving with suspended licenses
- expired or missing car registration
- speeding
- stealing under $500
13
Q
according to the pew research center, how much median wealth does white households have compared to black households? this is the highest since when?
A
15 times; 1989
14
Q
what do you NOT have if you’re a cop?
A
- benefit of the doubt
- trust from those who label you as such
- a cache of goodwill between you and those you serve
15
Q
what are 3 defining factors of the police force?
A
they’re disproportionately white and male, disproportionately in urban neighborhoods, and around people who hate them
16
Q
what are some defining factors of prescription drug users?
A
rich, affluent, suburban, white, least likely to be profiled
17
Q
what does racism protect?
A
white people’s feelings
18
Q
what did chris harper mercer to carry out the murders in roseburg? how many did he kill? injure?
A
ar-15; 9; 9
19
Q
what was the aftermath of school shootings?
A
implementation of emergency response systems (emails, website, text, cell phone alerts); heightened alerts for suspicious activities and persons
20
Q
what can killers be? where can they be?
A
anyone and anywhere
21
Q
what is agenda setting?
A
the more the media covers a topic, the more likely you are going to know about it
22
Q
according to agenda setting, what is the importance of an issue related to?
A
the amount of coverage given to it
23
Q
two issues are populating discourse in america news channels. one is about the recent escape of puppies from a local pound who have been running into homes and cheering up people’s spirits. the other is about a terrorist attack in france. if the news is repeatedly reporting on the terrorist attack, according to the agenda setting theory, which are you going to find more important? why?
A
the terrorist attack BECAUSE it was given more coverage, making it seem more important
24
Q
what does a cognitive miser pay attention to?
A
what’s easily accessible, readily available, not EVERYTHING that’s available to them when making decisions
25
what is the media's most frequent topic? who is the most frequently portrayed perpetrator of this topic?
crime; people of color
26
what 2-part script does the media tell about crime?
1. all crime is violent
| 2. all crime is committed by nonwhite males
27
what are the 3 aspects of the black criminal stereotype?
1. black suspects are more likely than similarly charged white suspects to be guilty
2. black suspects deserve stiffer punishments up to and including the death penalty
3. this stereotype can be activated by a short exposure to black people in handcuffs
28
when did the following states secede from the union?
1. south carolina
2. mississippi
3. florida
4. alabama
1. 10/20/1860
2. 1/9/1861
3. 1/10/1861
4. 1/11/1861
29
where are the top black-populated states located?
60% in the deep south
30
what 3 flags did the confederate states have?
stars and bars, stainless banner, stainless banner revised
31
when and for what event was the rebel flag proposed as the national flag of the confederate states? when was it adopted?
march 1961; it wasn't, bitch
32
what is the rebel flag based on?
st. andrew's cross
33
why did southern residents fly the confederate flags during the reconstruction?
a symbol of opposition to the occupying union army
34
what was the rebel flag used at?
meetings and celebrations by the united confederate veterans organization; parades
35
when did the rebel flag disappear?
the turn of the 20th century
36
what movie helped bring the confederate flag back into popularity?
gone with the wind
37
during what decade did the confederate flag see its greatest rejuvenation? why?
1940s and 1950s; used by southern regiments in world war ii AND the democratic party's national convention
38
what happened during the democratic party's national convention?
civil rights proposals were adopted and adversaries walked out waving the battleflag
39
during brown v. board of education, how was the confederate flag used?
by white council who opposed integration and by the kkk to promote segregation
40
what is the confederate flag connected to that removes the 'southern pride' argument?
a history of racism/racists, southerners opposing occupation, anti civil rights congressman, segregationists, kkk
41
what were some of the compromises proposed to flying the confederate flag at the south carolina capitol building? (3) who rejected them?
- replace rebel flag with first flag of CSA
- move flag to nearby confederate memorial
- place black libertarian flag near on capital dorm
REPUBLICANS
42
what effects do crises have on you?
- makes you uncomfortable
- make you mad
- makes you fight for what you don’t believe
43
what was the poverty rate of new orleans (2000)?
28%
44
how was the katrina disaster racially bifurcated?
- rich, well todo whites left
| - black people died where they lived
45
how did the political system fail new orleans during the katrina crisis? federal? state?
FEMA was slow to respond and had been subject to budget cuts, no certain home, no preparation | federal: lost time, volunteers waiting for instructions | bush dithered, blanco blocked attempts to streamline national guard and agin failed to coordinate efforts of state offices
46
where was bush when katrina hit? where did he go?
texas; DC --> CA for fundraisers, took weeks for him to go to new orleans
47
what is the framing theory?
subtle differences in how the media report a topic can influence who people believe is responsible for social consequences
48
what cues impact the salience of stories according to framing theory?
racial cues in stories make race more salient int he minds of audiences
49
what is thematic framing?
puts an issue into context explaining the factors that lead to an event occurring
50
what is episodic framing?
one shot isolated event coverage; simply covers an event without context as an isolated phenomenon
51
how do the results thematic framing differ from episodic?
thematic framing makes people believe that society and extraneous factors are to blame for an issue and that an external factor can be found while episodic results in people believing that the individual is responsible for a problem and can bring about a solution
52
which frame are most low-income individuals and poc covered positioned in?
episodic
53
if serai alabidi stole a hundred dollars from her local convenience store and the news presented her as a struggling single mother who was in need of the money, what framing technique is being used?
thematic
54
if serai alabidi stole a hundred dollars from her local convenience store and the news focused on the crime in a low-income, poc-dominated area, what framing technique is being used?
episodic
55
when race is made salient through media coverage of a social problem, how to white audiences react?
by ascribing blame to the dispositional factors of the person involved (it's their fault)
56
what does race and attribution depend on?
perspective based on in-group or out-group membership
57
what are white people more likely to believe when black people are faced with a social situation?
that black people put themselves in that situation
58
when dealing with an angry crowd, what is your task as a crisis communicator? what is your goal? why?
answer their questions; respond not react; reactionary people create headlines
59
what should you go into every press conference with? what should it include? what should you do if you're in the wrong?
a plan with 5-6 bullet points that you want to communicate that address the worst case scenario; apologize immediately and continually
60
how do you prepare to deal with angry people in a crisis?
1. find out what your client wants to communicate
2. let your client know that lying is NOT an option
3. limit the topic to the issue being discussed as best as possible
61
what is the only exception to a lying client?
if the crisis is government-related; you don't want to jeaporidize people's lives
62
what happens when you lie in a crisis?
you lose credibility
63
what does spreading activation trigger?
related thoughts, emotions, reactions, and behaviors
64
what does spreading activation assert about the activation of angry thoughts?
the strength and ability for these angry thoughts to be activated increases with reputation; that is. the more frequently ticked off, the easier it is and the less time it takes for you to be ticked off in the future
65
what does the spreading activation theory assert about anger + priming?
that people who are primed with violent images and activities are more likely to have aggressive thoughts and behaviors
66
according to the spreading activation theory, what does watching violence lead to?
it leads to a priming of negative cognitive associations for viewers
67
what gender group tends to have more violent responses to priming?
men
68
according to the berkowitz readings, what does the media provide irt priming? what does that actually mean?
conditioned responses to semantically related stimuli; the media provide direction to people on how they should act when placed in a similar situation to characters on TV
69
according to the berkowitz readings, what do aggressive ideas in violent media prime? what does this heighten?
other semantically related thoughts, heightening the chances that viewers will have other aggressive ideas
70
how are heavy media users impacted by violent media?
they rehearse these scenes in their head, influencing how they think about the world and the people therein
71
what is asserted by the hypodermic needle theory? what theory is it equal to?
that media messages affect all people equally and they have a powerful influence on your perception; magic bullet theory
72
the media tend to ________ rather than _______ people's existing beliefs.
reinforce; change
73
what does the success of media messages rely on?
a person's ability to access a particular stereotype or counter-stereotype
74
how do people interpret events?
in a way there is consistent with their existing beliefs
75
what is your #1 job as a PR pro?
to calm the public
76
what does crisis decision theory predict?
the actions people take (or choose not to take) in response to negative life or business events
77
what does the crisis decision theory address? what doesn't it address?
responses to negative events that have already occurred; proactive attempts to prevent the occurrences of negative events
78
what is the 3-step process involved in responding to negative events?
1. assess severity of the problem
2. determine your options
3. evaluate response options established in step 2
79
what is the first step of cdt characterized by? what do people consider during this stage?
people seeking information in an attempt to understand the threat they face; past experiences, causes, and consequences to develop an understand of how to address the negative event
80
what is benchmarking defined as? do the issues need to be identical?
seeing what others have done in similar situations; no, just related
81
when are people most likely to respond to a negative event?
when they feel responsible for the problem AND the solution
82
what events are more likely to prompt active attempts at solution-finding? why?
events believed to be caused by one's own actions; they're perceived as more severe
83
what factors influence how severe an event is perceived?
1. its similarity to other events
2. level of prior experience with negative events
3. the degree to which people can imagine a better alternative
84
what do events perceived as controllable lead to? uncontrollable?
more upward comparison (better alternative); more downward comparisons (worse possible outcomes)
85
what are the 2 expectation influence perceptions of the outcome? when should you establish expectations?
1. worst case, i fit could've been avoided and wasn't
2. it thought it was FUBAR and wasn't, best case
BEFORE
86
what sort of crises are seem more severe, according to cdt?
crises that are likely to result in negative consequences
87
what sort of crises are seem MOST severe, according to cdt?
events that have the potential to bring relatively serious consequences, especially in the court of public opinion
88
which events do people perceive having more severe consequences, according to cdt?
events that are highly self-relevant
89
according to cdt, what causes greater impact?
the more people potentially affected
90
according to cdt, what happens after people assess the severity of a negative event?
they consider how they could respond to the event; 'what can i do about this problem'
91
according to cdt, how are people likely to respond if negative outcomes are avoidable?
people are likely to consider action response actions
92
according to cdt, how are people likely to respond if negative outcomes are unavoidable?
people are likely to consider relatively passive response options
93
how to limited resources restrict options?
they render them unfeasible
94
what are the 3 considerations cdt recommend one take into outcome for evaluation response outcomes?
1. required resources to engage in response options
2. direct consequences of the response in changing the event
3. indirect consequences of response
95
what is crisis decision theory similar to?
coping theories, esp. the transactional model of stress and coping and the self--regulation model of illness
96
what two factors limit the response options people consider? what stage of the cdt does this characterize?
controllability of outcomes and the feasibility of responses; second
97
what is the third stage of the cdt characterized by?
a consideration of the pros and cons of each generated response option before considering other response options
98
what is a criticism of cdt?
it assumes people react cognitively and rationally; it doesn't leave room for irrationality
99
what is the need for orientation theory?
people with less information will be more prone to believe whatever they hear
