Particle And Nuclear Phsyics

Question 1

State quark composition of Baryon

Answer 1

qqq

Question 2

What is the quark composition of a K - meson

Answer 2

Ūs

Question 3

What is the equation of electron capture

Answer 3

P+e-~n+Ve

Question 4

Quark structure of K^0

Answer 4

D š

Question 5

Quark structure of proton

Answer 5

uud

Question 6

Quark structure of neutron

Answer 6

udd

Question 7

Charge of pion +

Answer 7

+1

Question 8

What is a sigma+ particle and what’s its charge and number

Answer 8

Baryon with Baryon number +1 and charge +1

Question 9

Give one property of an antiparticle that is same for its corresponding particle and one difference

Answer 9

Same rest mass energy

Different charge

Question 10

Name two baryons

Answer 10

Proton

Neutron

Question 11

State one characteristic of a strange particle that makes it different from a particle that is not strange

Answer 11

Has a strange quark

Question 12

Give one difference between negative muon and an electron

Answer 12

Different rest mass 
Same charge (negative )

Question 13

Give a difference between hadron and leptons

Answer 13

Leptons do not feel strong force

Question 14

What are the differences between mesons and baryons

Answer 14

Baryons made from 3 quarks whereas mesons is a quark antiquark pair
Baryon number is +1/-1 mesons is 0

Question 15

What property defines a hadron

Answer 15

Feels the strong force

Question 16

What is the exchange particle in the strong, weak and electromagnetic force

Answer 16

Electromagnetic- photon
Strong force - gluon
Weak force - w+/w-

Question 17

What is an isotope

Answer 17

Forms of the same element that have the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons

Question 18

What is the nature of an alpha particle

Answer 18

2 protons , 2 neutrons

Question 19

What is the sigma + particle and what does it contain

Answer 19

It is a baryon with 3 quarks which is affected by the weak force and will eventually decay into a proton

Question 20

Name a force that acts between the up quark and an electron . How does this operate

Answer 20

The weak force uses a W+/- exchange particle to transfer energy . This then leads to the creation of a new particle .

Question 21

Explain why two photons are formed instead of a single photon when helium nucleus annihilates with an anti helium nucleus

Answer 21

Momentum is conserved

So need two photons travelling in different directions

Question 22

What is decay of a neutron equation

Answer 22

N~p+e-+Ve with hat

Question 23

What is meant by specific charge

Answer 23

Ratio of charge to mass of nucleus

Measured in Ckg-1

Question 24

Lepton number of electron and positron

Answer 24

e- = 1 e+=-1

Question 25

Lepton number of ve with hat

Answer 25

-1

Question 26

Charge of ve and ve with hat

Answer 26

Ve = +1 | Ve with hat = -1

Question 27

What is the k0 and how does it decay

Answer 27

It is a meson with a strange quark so decays with the weak interaction

Question 28

Which constituent of an atom has the largest specific charge

Answer 28

Electron

Question 29

Why is there a minimum energy of the y photon for this conversion to take place in Pair production What will happen if y photon has slightly more energy

Answer 29

To provide enough energy for the rest mass | Any extra energy will provide the particles with extra kinetic energy

Question 30

What is the quark structure of anti K0 meson

Answer 30

D with hat s

Question 31

Pion + quark structure

Answer 31

U D with hat

Question 32

Pion- quark structure

Answer 32

D U with hat

Question 33

Pion 0 quark structure

Answer 33

Uū or dd with hat

Question 34

Kaon + quark structure

Answer 34

Uš

Question 35

Sigma - and sigma 0 strangeness

Answer 35

-1

Question 36

What can the kaon decay into

Answer 36

Pions

Question 37

What is fundamental about the photon

Answer 37

No charge | Massless

Question 38

What is meant by electron capture

Answer 38

An atomic electron that interacts with a proton in the nucleus via the weak interaction

Question 39

What is equation for k- meson decay

Answer 39

K-~ pi0+e-+v with hat

Question 40

What is the difference between B+ and B- decay

Answer 40

In beta+ decay, a proton in the nucleus becomes a neutron and spits out a positron and a neutrino. In beta- decay, a neutron in the nucleus becomes a proton, and spits out an electron and an anti-neutrino.

Question 41

How does the nucleon and proton number change in Alpha decay

Answer 41

nucleon- -4 | proton- -2

Question 42

How does the nucleon and proton number change in Beta decay

Answer 42

nucleon- 0 | proton- +1

Question 43

Describe how the strong nuclear force and two nucleons varies with separation of the nucleons quoting suitable values for seperation

Answer 43

repulsive from 0-0.5fm attractive from 3fm Repulsive after that

Question 44

What will likely happen to a positron shortly after its emission during pair production

Answer 44

Meets and electron and annihilates to produce two more photons

Question 45

What particle is produced when a muon decays

Answer 45

Electron + an electron antineutrino + muon neutrino

Question 46

What happens when a particle meets its corresponding anti-particle

Answer 46

They annihilate each other This means that the total mass of the particle is converted into energy, in the form of two gamma ray photons Two gamma photons are always produced during particle-antiparticle annihilation in order to conserve momentum

Question 47

What occurs in pair production

Answer 47

Opposite to annihilation In this process, a photon with enough energy can interact with a large nucleus and be converted into a particle-antiparticle pair In order to create this particle-antiparticle pair, the photon must have enough energy to create both particles