particle model of matter Flashcards
What 4 differences between the states of matter does the particle model explain?
1) particles of a certain material are always the same no matter what state.
2) particles have different amounts of energy in different states.
3) forces between particles are different in each state.
4) particles are arranged differently in different states.
Give 3 facts about GASES:
1) the particles aren’t held close together. NO FORCES.2) particles have more energy than in liquids and solids.3) particles constantly move around in random directions at a range of speeds.
did mendeleev discover noble gasses
they were not discovered back then
In solids, strong attractive forces hold the particles in place, so that they can only ……. in position.
As the substance is …… the particles gain energy and vibrate faster and faster. Eventually, the particles have so much energy that they can overcome the forces holding them together and the substance ……. into a …….
-vibrate
-heated
-melts
-liquid
what is temperature:
a measure of average internal energy of all the particles in a substance
define specific latent heat:
-for heating
-for cooling
-energy required to change 1kg of a substance from one state to another, w/o changing its temperature
-energy released by a change in state
what is SLH of fusion?
energy change when a substance changes from a solid <—> liquid (melt or freeze)
what is SLH of vaporisation?
energy change when a substance changes from a liquid <—> gas (evap. or condensation)
what does the plateaus represent in energy change diagrams?
-all the energy being supplied is being used to break/ make bonds betw particles
-so no energy is being used to increase / decrease internal kinetic energy of particles
no overall temp change
Explain what type of error would be caused if the student’s eye was not in line with
the level of the liquid in the tube.
parralax error
describe nuclear fission
a neutron is absorbed by a nucleus
the nucleus splits into two (smaller) nuclei
releasing energy (and gamma rays)
and (two / three) neutrons
When the volume of gas in the syringe increased, the pressure on the inside walls of the syringe decreased.
Explain why.
there are less frequent collisions between the particles and the walls of the syringe
(causing) a lower (average) force on the walls of the syringe
(and) pressure is the total force per unit area
When the volume of gas in the syringe increased, the pressure on the inside walls of the syringe decreased.
there are less frequent collisions between the particles and the walls of the syringe
(causing) a lower (average) force on the walls of the syringe
(and) pressure is the total force per unit area
