particle model of matter AND atomic structure

Question 1

How are particles laid out in a solid?

Answer 1

Tightly packed, organised, touching rows

Question 2

How are particles laid out in a liquid?

Answer 2

Tightly packed but free to move past each other

Question 3

How are particles laid out in a gas?

Answer 3

particles are spread out and move randomly

Question 4

What is density?

Answer 4

Density describes how closely packed the particles are

Question 5

Is mass gained or lost during state changes?

Answer 5

TRICK QUESTION HO
its conserved so its the same xx

Question 6

What is internal energy?

Answer 6

The total kinetic and potential energy

Question 7

What happens to a material when it is heated/cooled?

Answer 7

Intermolecular forces strengthen/weaken which changes the potential energy in the material which happens during a change of state the material changes temperature as the particles within it gain or lose kinetic energy. There is a change in the thermal store of energy within the material.

Question 8

What is specific heat capacity?

Answer 8

The amount of energy required o raise 1kg of a substance by 1 degree

Question 9

What is latent heat?

Answer 9

The energy needed for a substance to change state

Question 10

What is specific latent heat?

Answer 10

The amount of energy required to change the state of one kilogram of the substance with no change in temperature

Question 11

What is specific latent heat of fusion?

Answer 11

Change of state from solid to liquid

Question 12

What is specific latent heat of vaporisation

Answer 12

Change of state from liquid to vapour

Question 13

What is alpha radiation?

Answer 13

A helium nucleus with a high ionising power that can travel <5cm

Question 14

What is alpha stopped by?

Answer 14

Skin/paper

Question 15

What is beta radiation?

Answer 15

A high speed electron ejected from the nucleus as a neutron turns into a proton with a low ionising power that can travel around 1m

Question 16

What is beta stopped by?

Answer 16

3mm of aluminium

Question 17

What is gamma radiation?

Answer 17

Electromagnetic radiation from the nucleus which has very low ionising power that can travel >1km

Question 18

What is gamma stopped by?

Answer 18

Lead/concrete

Question 19

How often does radioactive decay happen?

Answer 19

Its random. So dumb

Question 20

What is half life?

Answer 20

The time it takes for the number of nuclei of the isotope in a sample to halve, or the time it takes for the count rate to fall to half of its initial level

Question 21

What are natural sources of background radiation?

Answer 21

cosmic rays and rocks

Question 22

What are artificial sources of background radiation?

Answer 22

medical uses, nuclear weapons fallout, nuclear accidents

Question 23

What is radiation dose measured in?

Answer 23

sieverts (sv)

Question 24

What are short half lives used for?

Answer 24

medical tracers so they aren’t in the body for long

Question 25

What is nuclear radiation used for?

Answer 25

-Exploration of internal organs -Control and destruction of unwanted tissue (e.g. cancer)

Question 26

What is nuclear fission?

Answer 26

Nuclear fission is the splitting of a large and unstable nucleus (e.g. uranium or plutonium)

Question 27

What needs to happen in order for fission to occur?

Answer 27

The unstable nuclei must absorb a neutron.

Question 28

How does fission work?

Answer 28

The nuclei undergoing fission splits into two smaller, equal sized nuclei and emits neutrons, gamma rays and energy and cause a chain

Question 29

What is radioactive contamination?

Answer 29

The unwanted presence of materials containing radioactive atoms on other materials

Question 30

What is the issue with radioactive contamination

Answer 30

The hazard from contamination is due to the decay of the contaminating atoms. The type of radiation emitted affects the level of hazard

Question 31

What is irradiation?

Answer 31

The process of exposing an object to nuclear radiation but does not become radioactive.

Question 32

What is nuclear fusion?

Answer 32

Nuclear fusion is the joining of two light nuclei to form a heavier nucleus. In this process some of the mass may be converted into the energy of radiation