Particles

Question 1

Define the term “nucleon number.”

Answer 1

The sub atomic particles in the nucleus which includes protons and neutrons

Question 2

What is the equation for specific charge? (Ckg^-1)

Answer 2

charge (C)/ mass (kg)

Question 3

What type of emission do big nuclei undergo? What force cant hold the particles together together?

Answer 3

Alpha emission, and the strong nuclear force.

Question 4

Describe the process of alpha emission.

Answer 4

1) 2 protons and 2 neutrons are emitted, therefore the proton number decreases by 2 and the nucleon number

Question 5

What type of atom/element does beta emission occur within?

Answer 5

It happens within isotopes that are neutron rich

Question 6

What happens in beta minus and plus decay?

Answer 6

An electron is emitted along with a antineutrino. (One of the neutrons turn into a proton)
And for beta plus a positron and an neutrino is emitted. (one of the protons turn unto a neutron)

Question 7

What is the equation for frequency?

Answer 7

speed of light/lambda

Question 8

What are photons?

Answer 8

Pockets of electromagnetics radiation (energy)

Question 9

What does the energy of a photon depend on?

Answer 9

The frequency of radiation

Question 10

What is Plancks constant?

Answer 10

6.63 x 10^-34 Js

Question 11

What are the two equations for energy?

Answer 11

plancks constant * frequency
(plancks constant * speed of light)/lambda

Question 12

What are the similarities and differences to a particle and its corresponding antiparticle?

Answer 12

• same rest mass
• same resting energy
• opposite charges

Question 13

What theory proved that energy can be turned into mass and vise versa?

Answer 13

E= mc^2

Question 14

What is “pair production”?

Answer 14

When energy (photons) are used to produce a particle and its corresponding antiparticle.

Question 15

What is “Annihilation”?

Answer 15

When, for example a proton and an antiproton collide to create energy.

Question 16

What equation can you make with energy, matter and antimatter?

Answer 16

Energy —> matter + antimatter

Question 17

What is the lepton number of a proton?

Answer 17

0, because protons are not leptons, and therefore does not have a lepton number.

Question 18

What particle consists of up, up, down quarks.

Answer 18

proton

Question 19

How many quarks do baryons and mesons have?

Answer 19

baryons have 3 quarks
mesons have 2 quarks

Question 20

What is the speed of light?

Answer 20

3.00 x 10^8

Question 21

How do you convert between MeV to eV?

Answer 21

multiply the number of MeV to 1 x 10^6

Question 22

Up to what point does the strong nuclear force is repulsive?

Answer 22

up to 0.5fm

Question 23

How many fm does it does it take for the strong nuclear force to fall rapidly towards 0?

Answer 23

3fm

Question 24

What group of particles do not experience the strong nuclear force?

Answer 24

leptons

Question 25

Are baryons unstable or are mesons unstable? Which ones in particular are the most unstable?

Answer 25

mesons, and specifically Kaons or K-mesons

Question 26

What is the charge of a strange quark?

Answer 26

-1/3

Question 27

What is the charge of of an up quark, and the charge of an antiquark?

Answer 27

+2/3, -2/3

Question 28

What is the charge of a down quark, and the charge of an antidown quark?

Answer 28

-1/3, +1/3

Question 29

What is the strangeness of an anti-strange quark, and the strangeness of a normal strange quark?

Answer 29

+1/3, -1/3

Question 30

What particle consists of an anti-up and two anti-downs?

Answer 30

an antineutron

Question 31

Ve is what particle and what is its lepton electron number and its lepton muon number? Include charge.

Answer 31

electron-neutrino 0, lepton electron number: +1 and lepton muon number 0

Question 32

μ− is what particle and what is its lepton electron number and its lepton muon number? Include charge.

Answer 32

muon -1, lepton electron number: 0 and lepton muon number: +1

Question 33

Vμ is what particle and what is its lepton electron number and its lepton muon number? Include charge.

Answer 33

muon-neutrino 0, lepton electron number number:0 and lepton muon number +1

Question 34

How do you convert between mega electron volts to joules?

Answer 34

1MeV = 1 × 10^6 eV = 1.6 × 10^–13 J

Question 35

What are the 4 fundamental forces of nature?

Answer 35

-strong nuclear force -weak nuclear force -electromagnetic force -gravity

Question 36

What type of particles do the Electromagnetic force affect?

Answer 36

charged particles

Question 37

What does the strong nuclear force act between?

Answer 37

quarks

Question 38

What is the weak nuclear force responsible for?

Answer 38

radioactive decay

Question 39

What does gravity act between?

Answer 39

particles with mass

Question 40

What is the exchange particle between quarks?

Answer 40

gluon

Question 41

What is created during electromagnetic interactions?

Answer 41

virtual photons

Question 42

What are the three exchange particles involving radioactive decay?

Answer 42

W+ W- Z^0

Question 43

(On a quantum scale) Which one of the forces of nature is the weakest?

Answer 43

gravity

Question 44

What is a Feynman diagram?

Answer 44

ways of representing interactions

Question 45

What is the exchange particle in a gravitational interaction?

Answer 45

graviton

Question 46

What is the quark structure of a K+ kaon

Answer 46

up, anti strange

Question 47

What is the quark structure of a K- kaon

Answer 47

anti up, strange

Question 48

What is the quark structure of a K0 kaon

Answer 48

down, anti strange

Question 49

What is the quark structure of a pi - pion

Answer 49

down, anti up

Question 50

What is the quark structure of a pi+ pion

Answer 50

up, anti down

Question 51

What is the quark structure of a pi0 pion

Answer 51

up, anti up or down, anti down

Question 52

What does pi+ decay into?

Answer 52

muon and a muon neutrino

Question 53

What does pi- decay into?

Answer 53

muon- and an anti muon neutrino

Question 54

What does K+ decay into? (all three)

Answer 54

muon and a muon neutrino or pi+ and pi0 or pi+, pi+ and pi-

Question 55

What does K- decay into? (all three)

Answer 55

anti muon and an anti muon neutrino or pi- and pi0 or pi0, anti muon and an anti muon neutrino

Question 56

What type of interaction does kaon pair production occur via?

Answer 56

strong interaction

Question 57

What is the equation for kaon pair production?

Answer 57

p+p--> p+p+ (k+) + (k-)