Particles Flashcards
(19 cards)
what is the relative mass and charge of a proton?
1 and +1
what is the relative mass and charge of a neutron?
1 and +0
what is the relative mass and charge of an electron?
1/2000(negligible) and -1
What is a mixture
Two or more substances mixed together but not chemically bonded
What is a compound
A substance made from two or more different elements, chemically bonded
What is a molecule
Two or more atoms chemically bonded together
What is an element
A substance made from one type of atom
Is water a compound, mixture, or element?
Compound
Multiple types of atom (hydrogen and water) chemically bonded
Is sugar dissolved in tea a compound, mixture or element
Mixture
They are not bonded
Is a block of iron(Fe) a mixture, compound or element
Element
It is just iron
What is the particle model?
Refers to how particles are arranged in a solid, liquid and gas
What are the limitation of the particle model?
- Forces of attraction between particles
- Size
- Space between particles
Describe each state of matter
Solid- the particles are arranged in a regular array, very close togetherand are bonded so they vibrate around fixed positions.
Liquid- The particles are not bonded so they move freely around eachother, very close together and arranged randomly
Gas - The particles are far apart, move very fast in all directions and arranged randomly
What is an isotope?
An isotope is an atom of an element with a different number of neutrons. They will always have the same number of protons. This means they have different masses. E.g. Carbon-12 and carbon-14
the number of protons defines an element
What is an ion
An ion is an atom which has gained or lost electrons, giving it a negative or positive charge. It will always uses the method with the least electrons
Why do ions form?
To gain a more stable, full outer shell.
Which groups do not ionise and why?
Group 8 - already has a full outer shell
Group 4- It requires too many electrons
What is relative atomic mass?
It is the mass of an atom compared with 1/12 the mass of a carbon-12 atom.
1/12 of the mass of a carbon atom = 1 (the RAM of hydrogen is 1.008)
How do you calculate RAM
Multiply the percentage of each isotope by the atomic mass and add them together
