Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

A Level Physics > Particles > Flashcards

Particles Flashcards

(81 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What is the diameter of a nucleus?

A

10^-15m (1 femtometer)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the atomic diameter?

A

10^-10m

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is an isotope?

A

Same number of protons different amount of neutrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How do you calculate specific charge?

A

(charge of particle)/(mass of particle)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How do you calculate the charge of a particle?

A

(protons)x(charge of an electron)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How do you calculate mass of a particle?

A

(protons+neutrons)x(mass of proton or neutron)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What must you say about electrons when calculating specific charge of an ion?

A

Electron mass is negligible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What does the strong nuclear force do?

A

Provides an attractive force between nucleons(protons+neutrons)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the range of the strong nuclear force?

A

3fm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Why does the strong nuclear force repel at less than 0.5 femtometer

A

The nucleus would collapse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Why does the strong nuclear force attract between 1-3 fm

A

So the protons wont repel each other

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Why does the strong nuclear force stop attracting and repelling past 3fm

A

That’s how big the nucleus is so it stops,
Prevents atoms from attracting each-other

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Why does the electrostatic force only repel

A

Because protons repel each-other

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

When does alpha radiation occur?

A

Occurs with unstable large nuclei with too many protons and neutrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the structure of an alpha particle?

A

2 protons, 2 neutrons
(4-Nucleon number)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How does alpha decay equations work?

A

Proton number decreases by 2
Nucleon number decreases by 4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

When does beta decay occur?

A

With nuclei with too many neutrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What does beta decay consist of?

A

Fast moving electron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What happens in the nucleus during beta decay?

A

A neutron decays into a proton and electron and an electron antineutrino

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How do beta decay equations work?

A

Add 1 to proton number
Add a beta particle
Add an electron antineutrino

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is gamma radiation?

A

EM radiation emitted from an unstable nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

When does gamma radiation occur?

A

Straight after alpha or beta decay
Excess energy is released as gamma radiation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is antimatter?

A

Name for all possible particles that have the same mass but opposite of all other properties to the normal matter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Whats the antiparticle for a neutron?

A

antineutron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Whats the antiparticle for a proton?
antiproton
26
Whats the antiparticle for a electron?
positron
27
What is the equation for annihilation?
E=mc^2
28
What is annihilation?
When a particle and its antiparticle meet and annihilate All mass and kinetic energy is converted into two photons of equal frequency that move in opposite directions to conserve momentum
29
What is the equation for pair production
E(min)=2(mc^2)
30
What is pair production?
How antimatter is produced Energy of one photon can be used to create a particle and corresponding antiparticle Photon doesn't exist after
31
What happens to excess energy in pair production
Turns into kinetic energy given to both particles
32
What is weak nuclear force?
Explains how beta decay occurs by affecting particles such as electrons, SNF does not
33
What is WNF exchange particle?
W+,W- and Z bosoms
34
What is SNF exchange particle?
Gluons Pions
35
What is EM exchange particle?
Photons
36
What happens during beta minus decay?
Neutron decays into a proton and W- bosom While within the nucleus(due to short range) the W- bosom decays into a beta-minus particle and antineutrino
37
What happens during beta plus(positron) decay?
Proton decays into a neutron and W+ bosom While within the nucleus the W+ bosom decays into a beta-plus particle and neutrino
38
What is electron capture?
Occurs with proton rich nucleus Excess protons interacts with inner shell electrons to form a neutron and neutrino
39
What does Rutherford's experiment show about protons
The proton is not solid but mainly composed of smaller particles
40
What are protons and neutrons made up of
3 quarks
41
What are the 6 types of quarks
Top Up Down Bottom Charm Strange
42
Why are quarks never found on their own?
Because they experience SNF and form groups of integer charge
43
What is a hadron?
Name for particles made up of quarks Broken up into subgroups baryons and mesons
44
What are baryons?
Particles like protons and neutrons made up of 3 quarks
45
What are antibaryons
Particles like protons and neutrons made up of 3 anti-quarks
46
What is the quark structure for a proton?
UUD
47
What is the quark structure for a neutron?
UDD
48
What baryon number will baryons have?
+1
49
What baryon number will non-baryons have?
0
50
What baryon number will anti-baryons have?
-1
51
What is conserved during baryon equations?
Charge Baryon number
52
What are the baryon numbers for protons, antineutrons, pi-mesons, sigma-minus, antineutrinos and neutrons?
Protons=1 Antineutrons=1 Pi-meson=0 Sigma-minus=1 Antineutrino=0 Neutron=1
53
What is the quark structure for a sigma-plus particle?
UUS
54
What is the quark structure for a sigma-(neutral) particle?
UDS
55
What is the quark structure for a sigma-minus particle?
DDS
56
What are mesons?
Particles made up of a quark, anti-quark pair They are all unstable
57
What are mesons baryon number?
0
58
What are two types of mesons?
Pions(pi mesons) Kaons(k mesons)
59
What are pions?
Unstable particles held together by SNF but decay by WNF Lighter than protons but heavier than electrons
60
What are kaons?
Unstable particles that decay by WNF slower than pions
61
Why are kaons heavier than pions?
Because they have a strange/anti-strange quark and pions don't
62
What can kaons decay into?
Pions, muons and neutrinos
63
What are leptons?
Fundamental particle(not made up of any other particle) Have small masses Integer charge(-1 or 1) Mostly interact with WNF
64
What are some examples of leptons?
Electrons, electron neutrino Muon, muon neutrino
65
What are electrons?
Stable, fundamental particles Negative charge
66
What are muons?
Unstable, fundamental particles Negative charge
67
What do muons decay into
Electrons and neutrinos
68
What are neutrino?
Leptons with no mass and charge
69
What is the electron lepton number for electrons and electron neutrinos?
+1
70
What is the electron lepton number for positron and anti-electron neutrinos?
-1
71
What is the electron lepton number for muon and muon neutrinos?
0
72
What is the muon lepton number for electrons and electron neutrinos?
0
73
What is the muon lepton number for positron and anti-electron neutrinos?
0
74
What is the muon lepton number for muon and muon neutrinos?
+1
75
What is the muon lepton number for anti-muon and anti-muon neutrinos?
-1
76
What does EM force do?
Mediates interactions between all charged particles but doesn't cause any change in the arrangement or type of particles involved
77
What does SNF act on?
Acts between quarks and any particle made from a combination of quarks
78
What does Em force act on?
Acts between leptons and hadrons with a non-zero charge
79
What does SNF do?
-Mediates interacts between hadrons ONLY -Can create quark-anti quark pairs and rearrange quarks between hadrons but not change quark type -Allows pair production and annihilation to take place
80
What does WNF act pn?
All fundamental particles especially lepton interactions
81
What does WNF do?
Mediates interacts with charged and uncharged leptons Responsible for decay of hadrons

A Level Physics (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions