Particles

Question 1

Define specific charge

Answer 1

A particles charge to mass ratio

Question 2

Equation for specific charge

Answer 2

Charge / mass

Question 3

What letter is denoted for proton number

Answer 3

Z

Question 4

What letter is denoted for nucleon number

Answer 4

A

Question 5

what letter is donated for an element

Answer 5

X

Question 6

Define an isotope

Answer 6

Atom with same number of protons but different umber of neutrons

Question 7

What does the strong nuclear force do

Answer 7

Keeps nuclei stable by counteracting the electrostatic force of repulsion between protons

Question 8

When is the strong nuclear force attractive

Answer 8

Up to separations of 3fm

Question 9

When is the strong nuclear force repulsive

Answer 9

Below separations of 0.5fm

Question 10

Define a photon

Answer 10

A packet of electromagnetic radiation which transfers energy but has no mass

Question 11

What is the relationship between energy of photons and frequency of electromagnetic radiation

Answer 11

Energy of photons is directly proportional frequency of electromagnetic radiation

Question 12

Define annihilation

Answer 12

When a particle and its antiparticle collide

Question 13

Describe what happens in annihilation

Answer 13

Particle and antiparticles masses are converted into energy in the form of 2 photons which travel in opposite directions to conserve momentum

Question 14

Give an application of annihilation

Answer 14

PET scanners

Question 15

Describe what happens in a PET scanner

Answer 15

Introduce a positron emitting radioisotope into patient
Positrons annihilate with electrons in patients system
This emits gamma photons that can be detected

Question 16

What is the use of a PET scanner

Answer 16

Allow 3D images of inside the body to be taken, making diagnosis easier

Question 17

Describe pair production

Answer 17

When a photon is converted into equal amounts of matter and antimatter

Question 18

What are the conditions for pair production to occur

Answer 18

The photon must have more energy than the total rest energy of both particels

Question 19

In pair production, where does the excess energy go

Answer 19

Kinetic energy of the particles

Question 20

What are the 4 fundamental forces

Answer 20

Gravitational
Electromagnetic
Weak nuclear
Strong nuclear

Question 21

What does the strong nuclear force act on

Answer 21

Hadrons

Question 22

What does the weak nuclear force act on

Answer 22

All particles

Question 23

What does the electromagnetic force act on

Answer 23

Charged particels

Question 24

What does gravity act on

Answer 24

Particles with mass

Question 25

What are forces between particles caused by

Answer 25

Exchange particles

Question 26

What is the exchange particle of SNF

Answer 26

gluon

Question 27

What is the exchange particle of WNF

Answer 27

W boson

Question 28

What is the exchange particle of electromagnetic force

Answer 28

Virtual photon

Question 29

What exchange particle is used in electron capture

Answer 29

W+ boson

Question 30

What exchange particle is sued in electron-proton collision

Answer 30

W- boson

Question 31

What are the two classifications of particles

Answer 31

Hadrons or leptons

Question 32

What is the difference between hadrons and leptons

Answer 32

Leptons are fundamental and do not experience the strong nuclear force Hadrons are made of quarks and do experience the strong nuclear force

Question 33

How can hadrons be classified

Answer 33

Baryons, antibaryons or mesons

Question 34

What is the structure of a baryon

Answer 34

3 quarks

Question 35

What is the structure of an antibaryon

Answer 35

3 antiquarks

Question 36

What is the structure of a meson

Answer 36

A quark and an antiquark

Question 37

What is the baryon number of a baryon

Answer 37

+1

Question 38

What is the baryon number of an antibaryon

Answer 38

-1

Question 39

What must be conserved in all particle interactions

Answer 39

- charge - momentum - baryon number - lepton number

Question 40

What is the only stable baryon

Answer 40

The proton

Question 41

What do all baryons decay into

Answer 41

Protons

Question 42

What do muons decay into

Answer 42

Electrons

Question 43

How are strange particles produced

Answer 43

Produced by the strong integration

Question 44

How do strange particles decay

Answer 44

Decay by the weak interaction

Question 45

When must strangeness be conserved

Answer 45

In the strong interaction

Question 46

How can strangeness change in the weak interaction

Answer 46

Can change by -1 , 0 , 1

Question 47

Give an example of a strange particle

Answer 47

A kaon

Question 48

What do kaons decay into

Answer 48

Pions

Question 49

What do scientific investigation rely on

Answer 49

Collaboration of scientist internationally

Question 50

When are neutrinos and antineutrinos produced

Answer 50

In the weak interaction

Question 51

What are the 3 types of quarks

Answer 51

- up - down - strange

Question 52

What is the strangeness of a strange quark

Answer 52

-1

Question 53

What are the charges of the 3 types of quarks

Answer 53

Up: 2/3 Down: -1/3 Strange: -1/3

Question 54

What are the baryon numbers for the 3 types of quark

Answer 54

1/3

Question 55

How do you find the quark combination of an antibaryon

Answer 55

Find the quark combination for the baryon and change the quarks into their respective antiquarks

Question 56

What is the quark combination from neutral pion

Answer 56

UŪ or d antidown

Question 57

What is the quark combination for a positive pion

Answer 57

U antidown

Question 58

What is the quark combination for a negative pion

Answer 58

Ūd

Question 59

What is the quark combination of a neutral kaon

Answer 59

down antistrange or antidown strange

Question 60

What is the quark combination of a positive kaon

Answer 60

Uś

Question 61

What is the quark combination of a negative kaon

Answer 61

Ūs

Question 62

What is the stangness of the 3 types of kaons

Answer 62

Neutral: +/- 1 Positive: +1 Negative: -1