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Physics > Particles and Radiation > Flashcards

Particles and Radiation Flashcards

1
Q

Charge of a Proton

A

+1.6 x 10⁻¹⁹

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2
Q

Charge of a Neutron

A

0

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3
Q

Charge of an Electron

A

-1.6 x 10⁻¹⁹

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4
Q

Mass of a Proton

A

1.67 x 10⁻²⁷

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5
Q

Mass of a Neutron

A

1.67 x 10⁻²⁷

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6
Q

Mass of an Electron

A

9.11 x 10⁻³¹

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7
Q

Photon Energy

A 
E = hf 
Energy = plancks constant x frequency of light
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8
Q

Plancks Constant

A

6.63 x 10⁻³⁹ Js

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9
Q

Minimum energy need for pair production

A 
Eₘᵢₙ = 2E₀
E₀ = rest energy of particle type produced
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10
Q

What is a baryon

A

Protons and neutrons are both baryons. All baryons (except a free proton) can be unstable. All baryons eventually decay to a proton. The baryon number must remain the same in interactions.

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11
Q

What is a meson

A

Mesons interact with baryons via strong force. All mesons are unstable. There are two types, Pions and Kaons

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12
Q

What is a lepton

A

Leptons are fundamental particles and they don’t feel strong nuclear force. They interact via weak interaction (and electromagnetic force if charged). Electrons are stable leptons, muons are unstable leptons and decay into electrons. They both come with their own neutrino which only takes part in weak interactions

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13
Q

Define a nucleon

A

A proton or a neutron in the nucleus

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14
Q

Define an isotope

A

Isotopes are atoms with the same number of protons and different numbers of neutrons

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15
Q

Define the term specific charge

A

The ratio of the charge of a particle to its mass

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16
Q

How do you calculate specific charge

A

charge divided by mass

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17
Q

Name the force that holds nuclei together

A

Strong nuclear force

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18
Q

What is the range of strong nuclear force

A

0.5 to 3 femtometres

19
Q

List the 7 main parts of the em spectrum

A

Radio waves, Microwaves, Infrared, visible light, UV, X-rays, gamma rays

20
Q

Define a photon

A

A discrete packet of energy

21
Q

Define an electron volt

A

One electron volt is the kinetic energy gained by an electron when accelerated by a PD of 1 volt

22
Q

Define pair production

A

A process in which a photon of EM radiation ceases to exist, creating a particle and anti particle

23
Q

How do you convert from MeV to J

A

x by 10⁶ x by 1.6 x 10 ⁻¹⁹

24
Q

What is the photoelectric effect?

A

Represented by the equation hf = ∅ + Ek. When the discrete packet of energy is greater than the work function ,∅, then the excess energy enables electrons to be emitted from the surface. This excess energy is proportional to the kinetic energy

25
Q

Four fundamental interactions

A

Gravity, EM, weak nuclear, strong nuclear

26
Q

What is the the exchange particle for an em force

A

The virtual photon

27
Q

What is exchanged in a weak nuclear force?

A

W boson

28
Q

What are strange particles?

A

Particles that are produced through the strong interaction but decay through the weak interaction

29
Q

What is conserved in an electromagnetic force

A

Momentum

30
Q

What is a PET scanner

A

Stands for positron emission tomography. It is used to detect gamma rays emitted when annihilation happens.

31
Q

What is annihialtion

A

When a particle and anti-particle collide to produce two photons that move in opposite directions to conserve momentum

32
Q

What are baryons

A

Consist of 3 quarks

33
Q

What is the most stable baryon

A

protons

34
Q

What are mesons?

A

Consist of a quark and anti-quark and are a pion and kaon

35
Q

What is the exchange particle of the strong nuclear force?

A

gluon

36
Q

What do pions decay into

A

Kaons

37
Q

What type of interactions are leptons involved in

A

Weak interaction

38
Q

What are the three leptons

A

Electrons, muons and neutrinos

39
Q

What is the equation for rest energy

A

Total energy before - kinetic energy of the products

40
Q

What is the charge on an up quark

A

+2/3

41
Q

What is the strong force

A

Binds quarks together in clusters. It also holds together the atomic nucleus and underlies interactions between all particles containing quarks

42
Q

What is weak nuclear force

A

Governs the decay of unstable subatomic particles and initiates nuclear fusion reactions. Exchange particle is the W or the K boson. Strangeness is not conserved.

43
Q

What is conserved during particle interactions?

A

Baryon Number
Lepton Number
Charge
Strangeness

Physics (17 decks)

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