Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

A level - Physics > Particles And Radiation > Flashcards

Particles And Radiation Flashcards

(46 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What do atoms consist of?

A

Protons, Neutrons and Electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the relative mass’ of Protons, Neutrons and Electrons?

A

Proton: 1
Neutron: 1
Electron: 0.0005

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the relative charge of Protons, Neutrons and Electrons?

A

Proton: +1
Neutron: 0
Electron: -1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the Mass of Protons, Neutrons and Electrons?

A

Protons: 1.6x10^-27
Neutrons: 1.6x10^-27
Electrons: 9..1x10^-31

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the charge of Protons, Neutrons and Electrons?

A

Protons: +1.6x10^-19
Neutrons: 0
Electrons: -1.6x10^-19

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is specific charge?

A

The charge to mass ratio

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What range is the strong nuclear force an attractive force?

A

Between 0.5fm and 3fm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

When is the strong nuclear force a repulsive force?

A

When the range is less than 0.5fm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What does the strong nuclear force do?

A

It holds together nucleons by overcoming electrostatic repulsion between positively charged protons.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is Beta minus decay?

A

Beta minus decay is when a neutron turns into a proton. It then emits an electron and an electron antineutrino.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is Beta plus decay?

A

Beta plus decay is when a proton turns into a neutron. It also emits a positron and an electron neutrino.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is alpha decay?

A

Alpha decay is when a helium nucleus is emitted, often referred to as an alpha particle.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How do you work out the energy of a photon?

A

Energy of a photon = Plank’s constant x Speed/ Wavelength

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What speed to photons travel at?

A

The speed of light 3.00x10^8

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How are antiparticles similar and different to their normal counterparts?

A

They have the same mass and the same rest energy.
They have opposite charges and opposite quantum numbers.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What will happen to an antiparticle and a normal particle if they collide?

A

A particle and the corresponding anti-particle would annihilate each other in an annihilation reaction which will release two photons. The photons must go in two seperate directions to conserve momentum.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is pair production?

A

A photon interacts with a nucleus and its energy is converted into the mass of a particle and its corresponding anti particle.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the four fundamental interactions?

A

Weak nuclear, strong nuclear, electromagnetic interaction and gravity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are exchange particles?

Study These Flashcards
A

Force carriers for the fundamental forces. They transfer energy, momentum, force and sometimes charge. Size determines the range. Larger = shorter range.

20
Q

What do Feynman diagrams do?

Study These Flashcards
A

They show particle interactions. Time moves from bottom to the top.

21
Q

What is the boson and particle affected by the strong force?

Study These Flashcards
A

Boson: Pions
Particles affected: Hadrons

22
Q

What is the boson and particle affected by the electromagnetic force?

Study These Flashcards
A

Boson: Virtual photon
Particles affected: Charged particles

23
Q

What is the boson and particle affected by the weak nuclear force?

Study These Flashcards
A

Boson: W- and W+
Particles affected: All types

24
Q

What is electron capture?

Study These Flashcards
A

A proton captures an inner shell electron and turns into a neutron and electron neutrino.

25
What is electron - proton collision?
A proton and an electron collide and W- boson particle is exchanged. The electron turns into an electron neutrino and the proton turns into a neutron.
26
Hadrons
They interact using the strong force and are made of quarks.
27
Baryons
They are made from 3 quarks (anti baryons are made from 3 anti-quarks) and all decay into a proton, the only stable baryon. (Protons and neutrons)
28
Mesons
Made from a quark and an antiquark. They include pions and heavier kaons which decay into pions.
29
Leptons
Fundamental particles that don't interact with strong interaction, only the weak interaction.
30
Types of lepton
Electrons are stable leptons. Muons are heavier leptons which decay into electrons. Neutrinos which include electron neutrinos and muon neutrinos. They have almost no mass and no charge.
31
What is the charge, baryon number and strangeness of an UP quark?
Charge: +2/3 Baryon number: +1/3 Strangeness: 0
32
What is the charge, baryon number and strangeness of a DOWN quark?
Charge: -1/3 Baryon number: +1/3 Strangeness: 0
33
What is the charge, baryon number and strangeness of a STRANGE quark?
Charge: -1/3 Baryon number: +1/3 Strangeness: -1
34
What particle has strangeness?
Kaons K+ and K0 is +1 K- and anti-K0 is -1
35
How are strange particles created?
They are created through the strong interaction and in pairs.
36
How do strange particles decay?
They decay through the weak interaction.
37
What is the photoelectric effect?
The process by which a metal with photons incident on it emits electrons.
38
When would no photoelectrons be released?
If the radiations frequency is not above the threshold frequency.
39
What is the threshold frequency?
The frequency at which the photon has energy equal to the work function, the minimum amount of energy needed for an electron to be emitted.
40
What can differ between released photoelectrons?
Kinetic energy. The value of max KE increases with the frequency of the incident photons.
41
How does the number of photoelectrons released per second increase?
The number of photoelectrons will increase per second as the intensity increases.
42
What is ionisation?
It is when an electron is released from an atom.
43
What is excitation?
It is the movement of electrons up to a higher energy level; either an electron collides with an orbital electron or a photon is absorbed by it. Transferring energy to it.
44
What is an emission and absorption spectra?
Where you can see the frequency of photons that certain elements emit. You can see what frequency photons certain elements absorb.
45
Where can wave like nature of light be seen?
When diffraction takes place when light passes through a narrow slit. (Wave particle duality)
46
Where can the particle like nature of light be seen?
The photoelectric effect as energy is received in discrete packets which are called photons. (Wave particle duality)

A level - Physics (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions