Particles and Radiation

Question 1

The nucleon is the same as?

Answer 1

The mass number

Question 2

The atomic number is the number of…

Answer 2

Protons

Question 3

Why is a stable atom neutral?

Answer 3

The protons and electrons have the same charge but opposite signs so they cancel eachother out

Question 4

What is the nucleus?

Answer 4

Protons and neutrons

Question 5

What does the atom consist of?

Answer 5

Protons, neutrons and electrons

Question 6

How do you work out the specific charge of the nucleus?

Answer 6

Charge
————
Mass

Question 7

Specific charge of an ion?

Answer 7

Number of electrons added/removed x Q
——————————————————
Nucleons total x 1.67x10^-27

Question 8

When an atom gains an electron its specific charge will be?

Answer 8

Negative

Question 9

When an atom loses an electron its Specific charge will be?

Answer 9

Positive

Question 10

What is an isotope?

Answer 10

Atoms of the same element that has different number of neutrons but same number of protons

Question 11

What happens when isotopes with an imbalance of neutrons and protons?

Answer 11

They become unstable

They constantly decay and emit radiation to become more stable

This is random and unpredictable

Question 12

Isotopic data is…

Answer 12

The relative amounts of different isotopes of an element

Question 13

Relative atomic mass

Answer 13

The weighted average mass of the isotopes of an element compared with that of the carbon 12 isotope

Question 14

What is the force between the protons?

Answer 14

The electrostatic force

Question 15

Is the electrostatic force repulsive or attractive and why?

Answer 15

Repulsive
Because the protons have a positive charge

Question 16

The nucleus also has what force acting on it?

Answer 16

The gravitational force due to the mass of the nucleons

Question 17

Which force has more of an impact on the nucleus

Answer 17

The electrostatic force
Gravitational is weak

Question 18

Which force is greater than the electrostatic force? Why?

Answer 18

• The strong nuclear force
• It holds the protons and neutrons together

Question 19

Describe the properties of the SN force

Answer 19

• highly repulsive at &laquo_space;0.5 fm
• force is attractive up to 3.0 fm
• Maximum attractive value occurs at 1.0 fm
• the equilibrium position where the resultant force is 0 occurs at a separation of about 0.5 fm

Question 20

What happens to the nucleus during alpha decay?

Answer 20

It loses 2 neutrons and 2 protons

Or 4 nucleons

Question 21

What is the product of Beta minus decay

Answer 21

Protons

Electron

And anti neutrino

Question 22

What is beta minus decay?

Answer 22

When a high energy electron is emitted from the nucleus

Question 23

What is beta plus decay?

Answer 23

When a high energy positron is emitted from the nucleus

Question 24

What happens when a particle and antiparticle collide?

Answer 24

They annihilate eachother

Its mass is converted to energy in the form of 2 gamma photons

Question 25

What is conserved during particle annihilation?

Answer 25

Momentum and energy

Question 26

What is pair production?

Answer 26

When a photon interacts with a nucleus or atom its energy is used to make a particle and anti particle pair

Question 27

What is a photon?

Answer 27

A massless packet of discrete energy

Question 28

What is a hadron?

Answer 28

Particles made up quarks

Question 29

Name a baryon and meson ?

Answer 29

Proton/Neutron Pions/Kaons

Question 30

Why is the protons the most stable baryon?

Answer 30

It is the lightest And has the longest half life

Question 31

What is a pion?

Answer 31

A meson that is the exchange particle of the strong nuclear force

Question 32

Which meson is responsible for binding quarks together?

Answer 32

The Gluon

Question 33

Pions are responsible for binding quarks together. True or False?

Answer 33

False They are responsible for binding nucleons via the SN force

Question 34

What do kaons decay into

Answer 34

Pions

Question 35

Which Interaction do leptons **NOT** interact with other particles

Answer 35

Strong nuclear force

Question 36

Strangeness is conserved in weak interaction. True or False?

Answer 36

False. It can change by 1,-1 or 0

Question 37

Why do scientists all over the world need to collaborate to conduct experiments?

Answer 37

Because it helps with funding and expertise needed to operate experiments successfully

Question 38

What are exchange particles?

Answer 38

Particles carry the fundamental force between particles

Question 39

What is the exchange particle for each interaction

Answer 39

EM - virtual photon Weak nuclear - W Boson Strong nuclear Nucleons - pions Quarks - gluons

Question 40

The electromagnetism affects particles with…

Answer 40

Charge : leptons & hadrons

Question 41

Does the strong force work close or long range

Answer 41

Close

Question 42

Which force binds the electrons to the atoms?

Answer 42

Electromagnetic Due to the attractive force between the electrons and positive nucleus

Question 43

What is the exchange particle for electron capture?

Answer 43

W + Boson

Question 44

What is the exchange particle for proton-electron collisions

Answer 44

W- Boson

Question 45

What does the equation E = QV show?

Answer 45

The energy gained by an electron travelling through a pd. of 1 volt

Question 46

What happens when an electron travels through a pd.?

Answer 46

Energy is transferred between two points in a circuit or electric field

Question 47

What is the photoelectric effect?

Answer 47

When electrons are emitted from the surface of a metal upon the absorption of light energy

Question 48

What does the photo electric effect give evidence to?

Answer 48

That light behaves as a particle not just a wave

Question 49

What is the threshold frequency?

Answer 49

Minimum frequency of light required to release a photo electron

Question 50

What is the work function

Answer 50

Minimum energy required to release electron

Question 51

What is the stopping potential

Answer 51

The pd required to stop photoelectric emission from occurring