Particles And Waves

Question 1

What is a fermion?

Answer 1

A fundamental particle
A particle which cannot be broken down any further

Question 2

Name a lepton

Answer 2

Electron
Muon
Tau
Electron neutrino
Muon neutrino
Tau neutrino

Question 3

What is an anti particle

Answer 3

A particle with the same mass but opposite charge to its counterpart

Question 4

Name a quark

Answer 4

Up
Down
Charm
Strange
Top
Bottom

Question 5

Name the two types of hadron

Answer 5

Baryon
Meson

Question 6

Describe a
•Meson
•Baryon

Answer 6

Meson=a particle made of a quark and anti quark pair

Baryon=particle made of 3 quarks

Question 7

Examples of baryons

Answer 7

Proton
Neutron

Question 8

Particle for
•electromagnetic force
•strong force
•weak force
•gravitational force

Answer 8

EM - photon
Strong- gluon
Weak - W and Z boson
Gravitational - graviton

Question 9

In an electric field, how does the speed of a particle with charge 10C compare to one with charge 20C

Answer 9

Speed of particle with charge 10C is less than speed of particle with charge 20C

Question 10

Explain right hand rule

Answer 10

Thumb = thrust
First = force
Second = electron direction

Question 11

How do you deflect a particle?
How do you accelerate a particle?

Answer 11

Magnetic field to deflect
Electric field to accelerate

Question 12

3 types of radioactive decay

Answer 12

Alpha
Beta
Gamma

Question 13

Safety precautions of nuclear power plant

Answer 13

Boron control rods
Moderator
Containment vessel

Question 14

Describe nuclear fission

Answer 14

Large parent nucleus splits into two smaller daughter nuclei and some neutrons

Question 15

Types of nuclear fission

Answer 15

Spontaneous
Stimulated

Question 16

There is a difference in mass in nuclear fission, what happens

Answer 16

Converted to energy

Question 17

Nuclear fusion definition

Answer 17

Two small nuclei combine to produce one big nucleus

Question 18

What are coherent waves

Answer 18

Waves with a constant phase relationship. They have the exact same frequency and wavelength. A single source must be used to produce coherent waves.

Question 19

What happens when waves overlap and combine?
Name the two types

Answer 19

Interference
Constructive and Destructive

Question 20

How does constructive interference happen?
How does destructive interference happen?

Answer 20

Constructive - two waves meet exactly in phase
Destructive - two waves meet exactly out of phase (180°)

Question 21

What happens to light/sound/water when constructive interference takes place?

Answer 21

Light - bright fringe
Sound - loud sound
Water - high waves

Question 22

What happens to light/sound/water when destructive interference takes place?

Answer 22

Light - dark fringe
Sound - quiet sound
Water - calm water

Question 23

Path difference

Answer 23

Difference between the distance waves have to travel to reach a maxima/minima

Question 24

To make the maxima further apart you can…

Answer 24

• use light of longer wavelength
• decrease the slit seperation
• move the screen further away

Question 25

why is diffraction grating preferred to path difference set up

Answer 25

Created a brighter/sharper pattern

Question 26

How do you calculate d in dsinθ=mλ

Answer 26

d = distance / number

Question 27

If white light is shone through a prism what colour refracts/deviates the most

Answer 27

Violet

Question 28

If white light is shone through a diffraction grating what colour refracts/deviates the most

Answer 28

Red

Question 29

Refraction definition

Answer 29

When a wave moves from one medium to another the wave speed changes. This change in direction can lead to a change in direction.

Question 30

Fill in blanks When light moves from air into glass it bends ___a___ the normal. When lights moves from ___b___ into ___c___ it’d bends away from the ___d___.

Answer 30

A towards B glass C air D normal

Question 31

Critical angle

Answer 31

The angle of incidence at which the angle of refraction is 90°

Question 32

What happens when the angle of incidence is above the critical angle

Answer 32

Total internal reflection

Question 33

Application of total internal reflection

Answer 33

Fibre optic cables

Question 34

State two features of the Bohr model

Answer 34

Electrons only exist in specific orbits They occupy the lowest energy level Electrons can only jump between allowed orbits Elections in different orbits have different energies If an electron absorbs energy it moves to a higher level If an electron drops to a lower energy level it emits energy as a photon of light

Question 35

Irradiance

Answer 35

Power of radiation per unit area (Number of photons)

Question 36

Work function definition

Answer 36

Minimum energy required to eject an electron from a metal surface

Question 37

Threshold frequency

Answer 37

Minimum frequency of a photon to eject an electron from a metal surface

Question 38

(Wave particle duality) What happens if you increase -irradiance -frequency

Answer 38

Irradiance - More electrons are ejected at the same velocity Frequency - increased photon energy so increased velocity