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Particles Questions Flashcards

(75 cards)

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1
Q
A
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2
Q

What is the fundamental unit of charge?

A

The fundamental unit of charge is the elementary charge, denoted as e.

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3
Q

True or False: Protons have a negative charge.

A

False.

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4
Q

Fill in the blank: The nucleus contains ______ and ______.

A

protons; neutrons.

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5
Q

What is the approximate mass of a neutron?

A

The approximate mass of a neutron is 1.675 x 10^-27 kg.

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6
Q

Define ‘isotope’.

A

Isotopes are variants of a chemical element that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

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7
Q

What is the charge of an electron?

A

The charge of an electron is -1.6 x 10^-19 coulombs.

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8
Q

Which particle has a mass approximately equal to that of a proton?

A

Neutron.

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9
Q

True or False: Electrons are found in the nucleus of an atom.

A

False.

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10
Q

What is the strong nuclear force responsible for?

A

The strong nuclear force is responsible for holding protons and neutrons together in the nucleus.

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11
Q

Fill in the blank: A proton has a charge of ______.

A

+1.6 x 10^-19 coulombs.

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12
Q

What is the role of neutrinos in nuclear reactions?

A

Neutrinos are emitted during beta decay and carry away energy.

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13
Q

What is the atomic number?

A

The atomic number is the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.

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14
Q

True or False: The mass number is the sum of protons and electrons.

A

False.

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15
Q

What is beta decay?

A

Beta decay is a type of radioactive decay where a beta particle (electron or positron) is emitted.

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16
Q

Define ‘nuclear fusion’.

A

Nuclear fusion is the process where two light atomic nuclei combine to form a heavier nucleus, releasing energy.

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17
Q

What is the difference between fission and fusion?

A

Fission splits a heavy nucleus into lighter nuclei, while fusion combines light nuclei into a heavier nucleus.

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18
Q

Fill in the blank: The strong nuclear force has a very short range, about ______.

A

1 femtometer (10^-15 meters).

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19
Q

What is the binding energy?

A

Binding energy is the energy required to separate a nucleus into its individual protons and neutrons.

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20
Q

Which particle mediates the strong nuclear force?

A

Gluon.

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21
Q

True or False: A positron is the antimatter counterpart of an electron.

A

True.

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22
Q

What is an alpha particle composed of?

A

An alpha particle is composed of 2 protons and 2 neutrons.

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23
Q

What does the term ‘half-life’ refer to?

A

Half-life refers to the time required for half the quantity of a radioactive substance to decay.

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24
Q

What type of radiation is emitted during alpha decay?

A

Alpha particles.

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25
Fill in the blank: The weak nuclear force is responsible for ______.
beta decay.
26
What is the role of the strong force in atomic nuclei?
It prevents protons from repelling each other due to their positive charge.
27
True or False: The mass of a nucleus is always greater than the sum of the masses of its individual nucleons.
True.
28
What are baryons?
Baryons are subatomic particles made up of three quarks, such as protons and neutrons.
29
Which particle is responsible for electromagnetic interactions?
Photon.
30
What is the significance of the electron configuration of an atom?
It determines the chemical properties and reactivity of the element.
31
Fill in the blank: The maximum number of electrons in a shell is given by ______.
2n^2, where n is the shell number.
32
What is the principle of conservation of baryon number?
The total baryon number remains constant in nuclear reactions.
33
True or False: The weak nuclear force has a long range.
False.
34
What is a quark?
A quark is a fundamental particle and a basic constituent of matter, which combines to form protons and neutrons.
35
What is the charge of a neutron?
A neutron has no charge (neutral).
36
Fill in the blank: The electromagnetic force acts between charged ______.
particles.
37
What type of decay involves the emission of gamma rays?
Gamma decay.
38
True or False: All isotopes of an element have the same chemical properties.
True.
39
What is the main difference between fermions and bosons?
Fermions obey the Pauli exclusion principle, while bosons do not.
40
What is the role of the strong force in particle physics?
It binds quarks together to form protons and neutrons.
41
Fill in the blank: The decay constant is related to the half-life by the formula ______.
λ = ln(2) / T½.
42
What is the mass-energy equivalence principle?
The principle states that mass can be converted into energy and vice versa, expressed as E=mc².
43
True or False: Neutrons can be found in the outer shells of atoms.
False.
44
What is a positron?
A positron is the antiparticle of the electron, with the same mass but a positive charge.
45
What is the primary force acting between nucleons in the nucleus?
The strong nuclear force.
46
Fill in the blank: The weak nuclear force is responsible for processes such as ______.
beta decay.
47
What is the main characteristic of leptons?
Leptons are elementary particles that do not undergo strong interactions.
48
What is the significance of the neutron-to-proton ratio?
It influences the stability of the nucleus; too many or too few neutrons can lead to instability.
49
True or False: The strong force is stronger than the electromagnetic force at short distances.
True.
50
What does the term 'nuclear stability' refer to?
Nuclear stability refers to the ability of a nucleus to remain intact without undergoing radioactive decay.
51
Fill in the blank: The atomic mass unit (amu) is defined as one twelfth of the mass of a ______ atom.
carbon-12.
52
What is a gamma ray?
A gamma ray is a high-energy electromagnetic radiation emitted during nuclear decay.
53
What is the effect of increasing atomic number on nuclear stability?
As atomic number increases, nuclear stability generally decreases due to increased repulsion between protons.
54
True or False: All particles have an associated antiparticle.
True.
55
What is the purpose of particle accelerators?
Particle accelerators are used to collide particles at high speeds to study fundamental particles and forces.
56
What is a neutron star?
A neutron star is the remnants of a supernova explosion, consisting mainly of neutrons and extremely dense.
57
Fill in the blank: The process of a nucleus emitting an alpha particle is known as ______.
alpha decay.
58
What is the significance of the Standard Model in particle physics?
The Standard Model describes the fundamental particles and their interactions, providing a framework for understanding particle physics.
59
What is the role of the Higgs boson?
The Higgs boson is responsible for giving mass to other fundamental particles through the Higgs mechanism.
60
True or False: Electromagnetic radiation travels at the speed of sound.
False.
61
What is the primary constituent of the atomic nucleus?
Protons and neutrons.
62
Fill in the blank: The electromagnetic force is responsible for ______ interactions.
chemical.
63
What is a fundamental particle?
A fundamental particle is a particle that is not made up of smaller particles.
64
True or False: The conservation of energy principle applies to nuclear reactions.
True.
65
What is the relationship between mass and energy according to Einstein's theory?
Energy is equal to mass times the speed of light squared (E=mc²).
66
What type of particle is a muon?
A muon is a type of lepton, similar to an electron but with a greater mass.
67
Fill in the blank: The strong nuclear force operates at a distance of about ______.
1 femtometer.
68
What is the role of photons in electromagnetic interactions?
Photons are the force carriers for electromagnetic interactions.
69
True or False: Quarks can exist freely in nature.
False.
70
What is the purpose of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC)?
The LHC is used to collide particles at high energies to explore fundamental physics questions.
71
Fill in the blank: The concept of wave-particle duality applies to ______.
all particles, including photons and electrons.
72
What is the significance of the weak nuclear force in particle interactions?
It allows particles to change types through processes like beta decay.
73
What is a hadron?
A hadron is a composite particle made of quarks, such as protons and neutrons.
74
True or False: Electrons have a larger mass than protons.
False.
75
What is the difference between a fermion and a boson?
Fermions obey the Pauli exclusion principle, while bosons can occupy the same quantum state.

Physics (13 decks)

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