Parts of Neuron

Question 1

Three parts of a Neuron

Answer 1

Cell body, dendrites, and an axon

Question 2

Cell Body

Answer 2

Surrounded by cytoplasm that includes typical cellular organelles such as lysosomes, mitochondria, and a Golgi complex.

Question 3

Nissl bodies

Answer 3

Clusters of rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 4

Neurofibrils

Answer 4

Composed of bundles of intermediate filaments that provide the cell shape and support and microtubules

Question 5

Microtubules

Answer 5

Which assist in moving materials between the cell body and axon

Question 6

Lipofuscin

Answer 6

A pigment that occurs as clumps of yellowish brown granules in the cytoplasm.

Question 7

Ganglion

Answer 7

A collection of neuron cell bodies outside the CNS

Question 8

Nerve Fiber

Answer 8

General term for any neuronal process that emerges from the cell body of a neuron

Question 9

Neurons 2 kinds of Processes

Answer 9

Multiple dendrites and a single axon

Question 10

Dendrites

Answer 10

The receiving or input portions of a neuron. Usually short, tapering, and highly branched (tree-shaped)

Question 11

Axon

Answer 11

A neuron prorogates nerve impulses toward another neuron, a muscle fiber, or a gland cell.

Question 12

Axon Hillock

Answer 12

a cone shaped elevation

Question 13

Initial Segment

Answer 13

A part of the axon that is closest to the axon hillock

Question 14

Trigger Zone

Answer 14

Nerve impulses arise at the junction of the axon hillock and the initial segment

Question 15

Axoplasm

Answer 15

Cytoplasm of an axon

Question 16

Axolemma

Answer 16

Plasma membrane that surrounds axoplasm

Question 17

What roles do the dendrites, cell body, and axon play in communication of signals?

Answer 17

Dendrites and the cell body receive input; the axon conducts nerve impulses (action potentials) and transmits the message to another neuron or effector cell by releasing a neurotransmitter at its synaptic end bulbs

Question 18

Axon Collaterals

Answer 18

Along the length of an axon, side branches that may branch off, typically at a right angle to the axon

Question 19

Axon Terminals

Answer 19

Fine processes

Question 20

Synapse

Answer 20

The site of communication between two neurons or between a neuron and an effector cell

Question 21

Synaptic End Bulbs

Answer 21

Bulb-shaped structures

Question 22

Varicosities

Answer 22

String of swollen bumps

Question 23

Synaptic Vesicles

Answer 23

Tiny membrane enclosed sacs

Question 24

Neurotransmitter

Answer 24

Store a chemical

Question 25

Slow Axonal Transport

Answer 25

Slower system- moves 1-5mm per day

Question 26

Fast Axonal Transport

Answer 26

Capable of moving materials a distance of 200-400mm per day

Question 27

Anterograde

Answer 27

(Forward) Moves organelles and synaptic vesicles from the cell body to the axon terminals

Question 28

Retrograde

Answer 28

(Backward) direction moves membrane vesicles and other cellular materials from the axon terminals to the cell body by fast retrograde transport