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PARTS OF SPEECH Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a verb?

A

A verb is a ‘doing’ or an ‘action’ word that tells you what is being done or about a state of being/state of existence.

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2
Q

What are stative verbs?

A

Stative verbs tell you about the state of being/state of existence of something and are NOT about actions or movement.

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3
Q

Give examples of common stative verbs.

A
  • be
  • love
  • need
  • belong
  • hate
  • like
  • believe
  • cost
  • get
  • impress
  • know
  • reach
  • recognise
  • taste
  • think
  • understand
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4
Q

What is a linking verb?

A

A linking verb links a noun with another noun or a noun with an adjective.

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5
Q

What is an example of a linking verb?

A

The man is a soldier.

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6
Q

What are finite verbs?

A

Finite verbs are complete verbs that can stand on their own and do not need an auxiliary verb.

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7
Q

What must a finite verb have?

A
  • Subject
  • Number (singular or plural)
  • Tense
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8
Q

What are non-finite verbs?

A

Non-finite verbs are incomplete verbs that cannot stand alone.

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9
Q

What is the infinitive form of a verb?

A

The infinitive is when a verb is preceded by ‘to’, e.g., to play, to argue.

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10
Q

What is a present participle?

A

A present participle states the continuous nature of the action and usually ends in ‘ing’.

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11
Q

What is a past participle?

A

A past participle helps to make the past tense of a verb and usually ends in ‘ed’, ‘d’, ‘en’, ‘n’, or ‘t’.

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12
Q

What are auxiliary verbs?

A

Auxiliary verbs are also known as helping verbs and always precede a verb.

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13
Q

List common auxiliary verbs.

A
  • am
  • are
  • be
  • can
  • could
  • had
  • has
  • have
  • is
  • may
  • might
  • must
  • shall
  • should
  • was
  • were
  • will
  • would
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14
Q

What are the three basic tenses of verbs?

A

The three basic tenses are present, past, and future.

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15
Q

Fill in the blank: A finite verb must have a ______.

A

[subject]

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16
Q

True or False: A present participle can stand alone.

A

False

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17
Q

What is the structure of the verb ‘to laugh’ in different forms?

A
  • Present: laugh (s)
  • Past: laughed
  • Past Participle: laughed
  • Present Participle: laughing
  • Infinitive: to laugh
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18
Q

What indicates the number in a finite verb?

A

The agreement between the subject and verb indicates number.

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19
Q

Fill in the blank: The verb ______ is an example of a linking verb.

A

[to be]

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20
Q

What happens to an infinitive when it is split?

A

It becomes incorrect.

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21
Q

What do adjectives do?

A

Adjectives qualify or describe a noun or pronoun.

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22
Q

What are the 8 different types of adjectives?

A
  1. Descriptive adjectives 2. Proper adjectives 3. Numerical adjectives 4. Ordinal adjectives 5. Demonstrative adjectives 6. Possessive adjectives 7. Interrogative adjectives 8. Compound adjectives.
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23
Q

Where can an adjective be placed in a sentence?

A

Before a noun or following a linking verb.

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24
Q

What is a descriptive adjective?

A

Adjectives that describe quality, e.g., loyal, intelligent, creative.

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25
How do you identify a numerical adjective?
It indicates number or amount, e.g., two, many, several.
26
What do ordinal adjectives indicate?
They indicate position, e.g., first, second, last.
27
What are demonstrative adjectives?
Adjectives that point to specific items, e.g., this, that, these, those.
28
What do possessive adjectives indicate?
They indicate possession, e.g., my, his, her, their.
29
What are interrogative adjectives?
Adjectives used in questions, e.g., which, what, whose.
30
What is a compound adjective?
Adjectives formed by joining two words with a hyphen, e.g., well-deserved.
31
What suffixes can form adjectives?
Some suffixes include -ish, -less, -able, -ful, -ous, -ant.
32
What are the three degrees of comparison for adjectives?
Positive, comparative, and superlative.
33
What is an example of the positive degree of comparison?
Joan is fit.
34
What is the comparative form of 'fit'?
Fitter.
35
What is the superlative form of 'fit'?
Fittest.
36
How do adverbs modify verbs?
They tell us more about how, where, when, to what extent, or how often an action occurs.
37
What is an adverb of manner?
It tells us how an action is performed, e.g., spoke incoherently.
38
What does an adverb of place indicate?
It tells us where an action occurs, e.g., stand there.
39
What does an adverb of time indicate?
It tells us when an action occurs, e.g., swim tomorrow.
40
What is an adverb of degree?
It tells us to what extent an action is performed, e.g., ran very fast.
41
What does an adverb of frequency indicate?
It tells us how often an action occurs, e.g., always go.
42
What are sentence modifiers?
Words that change the meaning of the sentence and express opinion.
43
What is the regular form of an adverb?
Fast.
44
What is the comparative form of 'fast'?
Faster.
45
What is the superlative form of 'fast'?
The fastest.
46
What are conjunctions?
Words that link other words, phrases, or clauses together.
47
What is the mnemonic device for coordinating conjunctions?
FANBOYS (for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so).
48
What are correlative conjunctions?
Pairs of conjunctions that work together, e.g., either/or, neither/nor.
49
What do subordinating conjunctions do?
They join independent and dependent clauses.
50
What is an example of a subordinating conjunction?
Because, since, although.
51
Can you start a sentence with a conjunction?
Yes, it is becoming more acceptable in modern writing.
52
List some common subordinating conjunctions.
after, although, because, before, if, since, unless, until, when.
53
What is a common misconception about starting sentences with conjunctions?
It is a myth that it is always incorrect to start a sentence with a conjunction.
54
55
What is a noun?
A noun names persons, animals, things, and abstract qualities.
56
What are the four types of nouns?
* Common Noun * Proper Noun * Abstract Noun * Collective Noun
57
What defines a common noun?
A common noun names ordinary objects and does not begin with a capital letter unless it starts a sentence.
58
Give an example of a common noun phrase.
The roof of the house.
59
What is a proper noun?
A proper noun is a specific name of people, places, titles of books, films, etc., and always starts with a capital letter.
60
What are examples of proper nouns for persons?
* Shaun * Professor Park
61
What is an abstract noun?
An abstract noun is the name of a quality, a condition, or state of existence.
62
How can you identify an abstract noun? Fill in the blank: It is something you can give to someone, but you cannot _______.
wrap it as a present.
63
What are some common suffixes for abstract nouns?
* -ship * -tion * -hood * -ness * -ment * -age * -ice * -ance * -ism * -ence
64
What is a collective noun?
A collective noun is the name of a collection or group of objects, people, or creatures that is regarded as a whole.
65
What is the function of a pronoun?
To replace a noun in order to avoid repetition.
66
What are the seven different types of pronouns?
* Personal pronouns * Possessive pronouns * Reflexive pronouns * Interrogative pronouns * Demonstrative pronouns * Indefinite pronouns * Relative pronouns
67
What is the difference between personal pronouns and possessive pronouns?
Personal pronouns refer to people or things, while possessive pronouns indicate possession or ownership.
68
What are examples of reflexive pronouns?
* myself * ourselves
69
What are interrogative pronouns used for?
They are used when asking a question.
70
What are demonstrative pronouns?
Demonstrative pronouns point out a specific person or thing.
71
What are examples of indefinite pronouns?
* anyone * someone * no-one * everyone
72
What is the function of relative pronouns?
They join or connect one part of a sentence to another.
73
What do prepositions show?
They show relation or position.
74
What is the rule regarding ending a sentence with a preposition?
You may not end a sentence with a preposition.
75
How do prepositions differ from adverbs?
Prepositions usually precede nouns, pronouns, articles or gerunds, while adverbs can stand alone.
76
What are examples of recognized combinations of adjectives + prepositions?
* Afraid of * Proud of * Different from * Good at/for * Keen on * Interested in * Ready for * Tired of
77
What are examples of recognized combinations of verbs + prepositions?
* Believe in * Approve of * Object to * Discriminate against * Care for * Rely on * Succeed in * Agree/disagree with

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