Parts of the cell Flashcards
Cell wall
Rigid but pourus structure made of cellulose. Supports and prevents injury
Found only in plant cells
Cytoplasm
Jellylike substance inside the cell membrane, surrounding all organelles
Cell membrane
Flexible, semi permeable membrane that protects the cell from harmful materials
Nucleus
A semi permeable organelle that assembles ribosomes and uses DNA information to control all cell functions
Mitochondria
An independently acting organelle that makes energy available to the cell in the form of ATP. They look like bacteria and vary in size and number.
Vacuole
Stores water, nutrients, and waste, and keep cells properly inflated. They are few and large in plant cells, but many and small in animal cells.
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Maze- like organelle located connected to the nucleus. Laced with ribosomes that produce proteins.
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Maze- like organelle connected to the nucleus, creates fats and steroid hormones
Ribosomes
Tiny spherical objects composed of RNA, that synthesize proteins. Ribosomes can be found in large amounts on the rough ER
Centrioles
Centrioles use spindle fibres to control positioning of organelles and chromosomes during cell division.
Chloroplast
Contain chlorophyll and pigment that gives plants their green colour. Sunlight is absorbed and photosynthesis occurs here. Chloroplasts rely on mitochondria to give them energy.
Cilia
Hairlike structures outside of cells, mainly used for sensory but also movement.
Flagellum
Long hair like structures used mainly for sensory and locomotion.
Lysosomes
Form on Golgi apparatus, contain digestive enzymes that attack invaders like bacteria and dead organelles.
Golgi apparatus
The UPS of proteins. Sorts, packages, and transports proteins throughout the cell.
