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Dendrology > Parts of the tree > Flashcards

Parts of the tree Flashcards

(91 cards)

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1
Q

Abortive [fruit]

A

Not developed completely

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2
Q

Alternate [arrangement of leaves or buds]

A

Not opposite on the sides of twig

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3
Q

Appressed

A

Pressed close or lying flat against something

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4
Q

Awl-shaped [leaf]

A

Narrow and tapering to a sharp point

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5
Q

Axillary

A

Growing from the Axil. The angle between the upper side of a leaf or stem and the supporting stem or branch.

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6
Q

Basal disc [fruit]

A

A plate-like structure on the base of a fruit.

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7
Q

Bloom

A

A whitish covering; usually on new shoot growth or fruit.

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8
Q

Bole

A

The main stem of a tree; usually the part that is commercially useful for lumber or other wood products.

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9
Q

Bract

A

A leaf-like structure which is attached to a flower, a fruit or to its stalk.

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10
Q

Branchlet

A

Shoot growth of the latest growing season

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11
Q

Broadleafed

A

Having relatively broad rather than needle-like or scale-like leaves.

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12
Q

Capsule [fruit]

A

A dry fruit enclosing more than one seed and splitting freely at maturity.

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13
Q

Bur [fruit]

A

A prickly or spiny husk enclosing the seed

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14
Q

Catkin

A

A compact, cylindrical cluster of flowers of the same sex

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15
Q

Chambered [pith]

A

With hollow cavities separated by discs or plates

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16
Q

Compound [leaf]

A

A leaf composed of smaller leaf units or leaflets

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17
Q

Conical

A

Wide at the base and gradually tapering to a point; circular in cross section

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18
Q

Conifer

A

Cone-bearing trees; the “evergreens”

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19
Q

Cordate [leaf]

A

Heart-shaped at the petiole end or base

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20
Q

Corymb

A

A flat-topped floral cluster with outer flowers opening first

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21
Q

Cup [fruit]

A

The scaled, concave basal portion of oak fruit

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22
Q

Cyme

A

A flattened flowering structure, center flowers opening first

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23
Q

Deciduous [leaves]

A

All leaves drop in the autumn; not evergreen

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24
Q

Diaphragmed [pith]

A

Solid but divided into sections by firmer discs

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25
Drupe [fruit]
Fleshy outside, hard and stone-like inside
26
Ellipsoid
Tapers equally at both ends; more than twice as long as broad
27
Elliptical
Like am ellipse; flat and tapering equally at both ends
28
Entire [leaf]
Margin of leaf without teeth, lobes, or divisions
29
Fascicle [leaf]
A cluster of conifer leaves
30
Fluted [stem]
With alternating, rounded depressions and ridges
31
Fruit
The seed-bearing part of a tree
32
Glabrous
Smooth without hairs
33
Glands
Generally raised structures at the tips of hairs, or on a leaf, petiole, or twig
34
Globose
Spherical or globe-shaped
35
Habitat
The place where a plan usually grows, e.g. rocky, moist, well-drained, etc...
36
Hardwood
Term used to describe all broad-leaved trees. These tree species are typically deciduous, retaining their leaves only one growing season. Despite the term, some "hardwoods", such as the aspens, have wood that is relatively soft.
37
Head
A compact aggregate of flowers or fruit on a common stalk
37
Invasive
Not native to and tending to spread widely in a habitat or environment, sometimes displacing native species
37
Husk [fruit]
The somewhat leathery, outer covering of a fruit sometimes capable of splitting along well-defined lines
38
Lance-shaped
Long and tapering; several times longer than broad; broadest at the base
39
Leaf
Stalk (petiole) and blade of hardwoods; needles and scales of conifers
40
Leaflets
Smaller leaf units which together form a compound leaf
41
Lenticel [bark]
Corky, raised pores on woody parts with openings for air-gas exchange
42
Linear [leaf]
Much longer than broad with parallel margins
43
Lobed [leaf]
With large, rounded or pointed projections along the leaf margin. Projection formed by indentations of the leaf margin
44
Margin [leaf]
The edge, perimeter, or portion forming the outline
45
Midrib [leaf]
The large central vein
46
Oblong
Longer than wide with nearly parallel sides
47
Obovate
Egg-shaped in outline; broadest above the middle
48
Opposite [arrangement of leaves or buds]
Directly across from one another on a common axis or twig
49
Oval
Somewhat elliptical; less than twice as long as broad
50
Ovate
Egg-shaped in outline; broadest below the middle
51
Palmate [leaf or veins]
Compound, with leaflets originating at the same point on a common stalk. Veins originating at a common point at the base of leaf blade
52
Panicle
A loosely branched, pyramidal cluster of flowers
53
Pendulous
Drooping or hanging downward
54
Petiole [leaf]
The stalk that supports the leaf blade
55
Pinnate [leaf or vein]
Compound, with leaflets along a common rachis or stalk. Veins originating along a common mid-vein
56
Pistillate
Containing female portions of flowers, or the pistils
57
Pith
The central, soft part of the stem
58
Prickle
A small spine-like growth
59
Pseudo-terminal [bud]
When the bud on the end of a twig has a leaf scar located directly below
60
Pubescent
Covered with hairs
61
Raceme
Numerous stalked flowers or fruit along a common axis
62
Ranked [leaves]
Arranged in rows or files
63
Samara
A winged fruit, e.g. ash, maple
64
Scales [bud]
Small, modified leaves on the outer surface of the buds
65
Scales [cone]
The basic structures that enclose the seeds
66
Scale-like [leaf]
Small, generally overlapping, triangular shaped leaves of some conifers
67
Seed
That part of the fruit capable of germinating and producing a new plant
68
Serrate [leaf]
Margins with a saw tooth outline. Doubly serrate: with small teeth on the larger teeth
69
Sessile
Attached directly by the base without an intervening stalk
70
Shrub
A woody, many-stemmed plant, usually under 15 feet in height at maturity, which branches from it's base
71
Simple [leaf]
A single leaf composed or a single blade. Not compound
72
Smooth
Without hairs, glands, or any roughness
73
Softwood
Term used to describe all needle-leaved trees. These species are typically evergreen, retaining their leaves though two or more growing seasons. Larches, including tamarack, are exceptions, being deciduous "softwoods"
74
Solid [pith]
Without cavities or sections separated by discs
75
Spike
A flower stalk
76
Staminate
Containing male portions of flowers, or the stamens
77
Spinescent
Having a spine or spines; or terminating in a spine
78
Spur
A short, extremely slow-growing, woody twig projection
79
Stipule
A tiny, leafy, sometimes spiny projection arising at the base or a petiole
80
Stomate (Plural is stomata)
Small pore on a leaf used for gas exchange
81
Stone
The "bony" or stony pit of drupes
82
Style
The usually slender part of a pistil, situated between the ovary and the stigma
83
Toothed [leaf]
With moderate projections along the margin
84
Tree
A woody plant, generally single-stemmed, that reaches a height of more than 15 feet at maturity and has a diameter of 3 inches or more measured at 4.5 feet above ground.
85
Umbel
A group of flowers or fruit whose stalks have a common point of attachment
86
Unequal [leaf base]
Base parts of blade on either side of midrib are uneven
87
Valve-like [bud scales]
Meet at their margins and do not overlap
88
Wavy [leaf margin]
Undulating but smooth; not toothed now lobed
89
Whorl [leaves or branches]
More than two originating at the same level on a common axis.

Dendrology (5 decks)

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