Pass Med Flashcards
(23 cards)
Iron Deficiency Anaemia - Ix and cause
Low Hb
Low MCV
Normal Bilirubin
Cause: bleeding (usually GI or gynae)
B12 deficiency
- Ix and Cause
Low Hb
High MCV
Low B12
Absorbed in TI - chron’s
Pernicious anaemia due to AI against parietal cells and no Intrinsic Factor production
B12/Folate absorption: requirements and pathology
Requires intrinsic factor from the stomach to be absorbed.
In pernicious aneamia, AI against parietal cells = loss of IF production = reduced B12/folate
Folate Deficiency - Ix and cause
Low Hb
High MCV
Low Folate
Diet e.g. coeliac
Alcohol,
Pernicious anaemia
Absorption of Vitamins
Dude is Just Feeling Ill Bro
Duodenum = Iron Jejunum = Folate Ileum = B12
Microcytic Anaemia causes
Iron deficiency (e.g. Bleeding)
Beta thalassaemia
Normocytic Anaemia causes
Chronic disease
Sickle Celle
Macrocytic anaemia
B12, Folate deficiency
Causes of raised APPT
Heparin therapy
Haemophilia B
Antiphospholipid syndrome (clotting tendency)
Haemophilia A and B
Sx?
A = Factor VIII B = Factor IX
Haemoarthrosis with no trauma hx
Transfusion Reactions
GOT A BAD UNIT
G raft vs. Host disease
O verload
T hrombocytopaenia
A lloimmunization
B lood pressure unstable
A cute haemolytic reaction
D elayed haemolytic reaction
U rticaria
N eutrophilia
I nfection
T ransfusion associated lung injury
Don’t forget HYPERKALAEMIA
Sickle Cell Crisis?
4 types
Thrombotic (painfu)
- Infarcts in various organs
Sequestratrion
- pooling of blood in organs = acute chest syndrome/splenomegaly
Aplastic
- Infection with parvovirus sudden fall in Hb and low reticulocytes
Haemolytic
- Rare
- Fall in Hb
Hodgkin’s LymphomaL Pathology
Reed-Steinburg cells AKA mirror image cells
Burton line? Blue line round gums
Indicative of chronic lead poisoning
Factor 5 Leidon
Activated protein C resistance = most common inherited thrombophilia
Thrombophilia - Acquired
Antiphospholipid syndrome
COCP
Tamoxifen
Olanzapine
Thrombophilia - Inherited
Factor 5 leiden
Deficiency
- Antithrombin III
- Protein C
- Protein S
CML Gene mutation?
Philadelphia translocation on t(9:22)
95% patients with CML have this mutation
G6PD - inheritance, pathology, precipitants?
Autosomal recessive
Heinz bodies on blood film
Drugs
- Ciprofloxacin, sulph drugs, anti-malarials
Infection Fava beans (broad)
Types Of Hodgkins
Most common
- Nodular sclerosing
Best prognosis
- Lymphocyte predominant
Worst Prognosis
- Lymphocyte depleted
Von Willen Brand Deficiency
AD inheritence, commonest bleeding disorder
Usually prolonged bleeding following dental extraction
Deficiency of WBF leads to destabilisation of Factor VIII
Tear Drop Poikilocytes
Myelofibrosis
Polycythmia vera
Primary (rubra vera)
- intense itching after being hot, predisposition to clots and gout
If primary:
Total Red Cell Mass
= males >35
= Females >32
Secondary
- COPD
- Altitude
- Sleep Apnoea
