Pass medicine question info

Question 1

Carcinoid syndrome features

Answer 1

flushing (often earliest symptom)
diarrhoea
bronchospasm
hypotension
right heart valvular stenosis (left heart can be affected in bronchial carcinoid)
other molecules such as ACTH and GHRH may also be secreted resulting in, for example, Cushing’s syndrome
pellagra can rarely develop as dietary tryptophan is diverted to serotonin by the tumour

Question 2

calcium channel blocker SE

Answer 2

dyspepsia exacerbation

Question 3

Grey Turner’s sign can indicate what?

Answer 3

acute pancreatitis

–> bruising of the flanks

Question 4

retroperitoneal organs

acronym: SADPUCKER

Answer 4

S = Suprarenal (adrenal) glands.
A = Aorta/Inferior Vena Cava.
D = Duodenum (second and third segments)
P = Pancreas.
U = Ureters.
C = Colon (ascending and descending only)
K = Kidneys.
E = Esophagus.

Question 5

Retroperitoneal haemorrhage can have what sign?

Answer 5

grey turners - bruising from last rib to top of hip

Question 6

Atrophic gastritis - what is it? what does it lead to?

Answer 6

chronic inflammation of the stomach mucosa

leading to loss of gastric glandular cells –> FIBROSIS

Question 7

what is malabsoprbed in atrophic gastritis?

Answer 7

B12

Question 8

What can atrophic gastritis lead to?

Answer 8

pernicious anaemia

fibrosis

Question 9

how to diagnose atrophic gastritis?

Answer 9

biopsy

Question 10

Familial adenomatous polyposis have what mutation?

Answer 10

APC gene

Question 11

what does familial adenomatous polyposis testing show?

Answer 11

colonic adenomas

Question 12

what organism causes necrotising fascitis?

Answer 12

Streptococcus

Question 13

what can you hear with auscultating with necrotising fascitis?

Answer 13

crackles

Question 14

what is urea breath test used for?

Answer 14

h pylori

Question 15

what is Meckels diverticulum

Answer 15

• congenital

- diverticulum in SI

Question 16

how to diagnose Meckels diverticulum

Answer 16

scan

Question 17

barretts oesophagus cell changes

Answer 17

stratified squamous to simple columnar epithelium

Question 18

Peutz-Jeghers syndrome

Answer 18

autosomal dominant
hamartomatous polyps
pigmented freckles on the lips, face, palms and soles

Question 19

what is a whipples procedure

Answer 19

remove the head of the pancreas, the first part of the small intestine (duodenum), the gallbladder and the bile duct

Question 20

mallory-weiss tear can come from what?

Answer 20

forceful vomiting

Question 21

palmar erythema from what?

Answer 21

chronic liver disease

Question 22

spider naive from what

Answer 22

liver disease

high estrogen

Question 23

pyloric stenosis

Answer 23

2-6 weeks of age
projectile vomiting following feeds
remain hungry after vomiting
olive shaped mass in the right upper quadrant
peristalsis

Question 24

infantile colic

Answer 24

paroxysms of crying - KEY

not so much vomitting

Question 25

Cows milk protein intolerance

Answer 25

D then V

Question 26

Galactosaemia

Answer 26

autosomal recessive metabolic conditions failure to thrive vomiting - not projectile

Question 27

how to diagnose pyloric stenosis?

Answer 27

ultrasound

Question 28

what does a ghon complex on x ray mean?

Answer 28

TB

Question 29

common cause of diverticula disease

Answer 29

low fibre diet

Question 30

gilberts

Answer 30

increased unconjugated | increased BR

Question 31

fotb

Answer 31

faecal occult blood test -evereyone 60-74 | then invited for colonoscop

Question 32

GORD is associated with which cancer?

Answer 32

oesophageal adenocarcinoma

Question 33

diverticulitis symptoms

Answer 33

diarrhoea | pain in left lian fossa

Question 34

achlasia

Answer 34

dysphagia of BOTH liquids and solids typically variation in severity of symptoms heartburn regurgitation of food - may lead to cough, aspiration pneumonia etc malignant change in small number of patients

Question 35

liver failure triad

Answer 35

encephalopathy, jaundice and coagulopathy

Question 36

Wernicke's encephalopathy

Answer 36

common cause of confusion and encephalopathy in alcoholic liver disease patients and is due to a deficiency of thiamine.

Question 37

pancretic cancer

Answer 37

painless jaundice

Question 38

pharengeal pouch symptoms

Answer 38

``` dysphagia regurgitation aspiration neck swelling which gurgles on palpation halitosis ```

Question 39

resp distress symptoms

Answer 39

dyspnoea elevated respiratory rate bilateral lung crackles low oxygen saturations

Question 40

what is pellagra

Answer 40

b3 deficiency rash, diarrhoea, cognition impair vegans

Question 41

beriberi symptoms

Answer 41

Difficulty walking. Loss of feeling (sensation) in hands and feet. Loss of muscle function or paralysis of the lower legs. Mental confusion/speech difficulties. Pain. Strange eye movements (nystagmus) Tingling. Vomiting.

Question 42

signs of wilsons

Answer 42

ementia, tremor or dyskinesias with alt dearrangment levels neuro and psychiatric symptoms

Question 43

coeliacs signs

Answer 43

anemia low feritin fatty stools

Question 44

what is painless jaundice

Answer 44

pancreatic cancer

Question 45

gallstones mneumonic

Answer 45

fair: more prevalent in the Caucasian population 1 fat: BMI >30 female fertile: one or more children forty: age ≥40

Question 46

pancreatitis symptoms

Answer 46

epigastric pain | radiates to back