passmed :/ Flashcards
On examination you note erythema and swelling of the affected joint. Aspiration of the knee shows no evidence of septic arthritis, but does reveal depositions of calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals. what condition is a risk factor for this condition?
hyperparathyroidism is a risk factor for pseudogout
hyperuricaemia is a risk factor for gout
mechanism of action of timolol
decreases production of aqueous fluid (glaucoma)
which SLE medication can be used in pregnancy?
azathioprine
why are patients at greater risk of DVT/PE in nephrotic syndrome?
loss of antithrimbin III + plasminogen in urine
what changes to hands would be seen in reactive arthritis?
dactylitis (sausage finger)
which tendons requires sugical repair if rupture?
patella and quadriceps (fundamental to function)
Some complete tendon tears can be treated conservatively (Achilles tendon, rotator cuff, longhead of biceps brachii, distal biceps)
chronic regional pain syndrome
heightened chronic pain response after injury. Charcteristics are variable but include constant burning or throbbing, sensitivity to stimuli not normally painful (allodynia) including cold or light touch, chronic swelling, stiffness, painful movement and skin colour changes
mx = amitriptyline, gabapentin
is the periosteum thicker in kids or adults?
kids -> think greenstick fractures
wolff’s law
‘bone laid down along areas of stress’.
A 20 year old girl presents with bilateral broad forefeet complaining of difficulty finding shoes that accommodate her wide feet. On examination, the toes look normal and there are no callosities but the forefeet do look wide. On xrays, the forefoot is broad with an increase in the intermetatarsal angle.
primus varus
The thickest hyaline cartilage in the body is found on the articular surface of which bone?
patella
12 year old boy referred by his GP with a lump in his thigh.
The boy is systemically well and has no significant past medical history. He reports that the lump started about 9 months ago after he fell off his bike and bruised his thigh. Initially it was soft but has hardened. He reports the size was increasing but it hasn’t grown in some time now.
On examination, the mass is very hard and is somewhat mobile in the anterior compartment of the thigh but it feels tethered within the muscle. It isn’t tender.
What is the likely diagnosis?
myositis ossificans - Bony masses are seen in the soft tissues on xray
Stiffness may develop but aggressive physiotherapy may result in more ectopic bone. Once the new bone formation has settled, the abnormal bone can be excised to try to relieve stiffness with high strength NSAIDs (Indomethacin) or radiotherapy used to help prevent recurrence.
Which tests is the initial investigation of choice for detecting renal involvement in vasculitis?
urinanalysis
Presence of more than a trace of blood or protein in the urine should always make you suspicious of renal involvement in vasculitis. If there is more than a trace of protein, the amount should be quantified by sending spot urine for protein/creatinine ratio.If there is more than
What type of collagen is produced in Dupuytren’s contracture?
III collagen
which nerve is most at risk in a colles fracture?
median (distal radius)
